Cardiovascular drift

{{Infobox medical condition (new)

| name = Cardiovascular drift

| specialty = Cardiology

}}

Cardiovascular drift (CVD, CV_drift) is the phenomenon where some cardiovascular responses begin a time-dependent change, or "drift", after around 5–10 minutes of exercise in a warm or neutral environment {{Convert|32|C|F}}+ without an increase in workload.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wingo JE, Ganio MS, Cureton KJ | title = Cardiovascular drift during heat stress: implications for exercise prescription | journal = Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 88–94 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22410803 | doi = 10.1097/JES.0b013e31824c43af | s2cid = 205712752 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Souissi A, Haddad M, Dergaa I, Ben Saad H, Chamari K | title = A new perspective on cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise | journal = Life Sciences | volume = 287 | pages = 120109 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34717912 | doi = 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120109 | s2cid = 240206941 | doi-access = free }} It is characterized by decreases in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume and a parallel increase in heart rate.{{cite journal | vauthors = Coyle EF, González-Alonso J | title = Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise: new perspectives | journal = Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | pages = 88–92 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11337829 | doi = 10.1097/00003677-200104000-00009 | s2cid = 8000975 | doi-access = free }}

It has been shown that a reduction in stroke volume due to dehydration is almost always due to the increase in internal temperature.{{cite journal | vauthors = Colakoglu M, Ozkaya O, Balci GA | title = Moderate Intensity Intermittent Exercise Modality May Prevent Cardiovascular Drift | journal = Sports | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 98 | date = September 2018 | pmid = 30223593 | pmc = 6162481 | doi = 10.3390/sports6030098 | doi-access = free }} It is influenced by many factors, most notably the ambient temperature, internal temperature, hydration and the amount of muscle tissue activated during exercise. To promote cooling, blood flow to the skin is increased, resulting in a shift in fluids from blood plasma to the skin tissue.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} This results in a decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure and reduced stroke volume in the heart.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}} To maintain cardiac output at reduced pressure, the heart rate must be increased.

Effects of cardiovascular drift are mainly focused around a higher rate of perceived effort (RPE); that is, a person will feel like they are expending more energy when they are not. This creates a mental block that can inhibit performance greatly.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

Cardiovascular drift is characterized by a decrease stroke volume and mean arterial pressure during prolonged exercise.{{cite journal | vauthors = Souissi A, Haddad M, Dergaa I, Ben Saad H, Chamari K | title = A new perspective on cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise | journal = Life Sciences | volume = 287 | pages = 120109 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34717912 | doi = 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120109 | s2cid = 240206941 | doi-access = free }}  A reduction in stroke volume is the decline in the volume of blood the heart is circulating, reducing the heart’s cardiac output.{{cite book | vauthors = King J, Lowery DR | chapter = Physiology, Cardiac Output |date=2022 | chapter-url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470455/ |title = StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=29262215 |access-date=2022-12-06 }} The stroke volume is reduced due to loss of fluids in the body, reducing the volume of blood in the body.{{cite book | vauthors = Kent M | chapter = Cardiovascular drift |date= January 2007 | chapter-url = https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198568506.001.0001/acref-9780198568506-e-1176 | title = The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science & Medicine |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780198568506.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-856850-6 |access-date=2022-12-06}} This leads the increase in heart rate to compensate for the reduced cardiac output during exercise. This inefficient cardiac output leads to a decrease in the maximum amount of oxygen used by the body – VO_2Max.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wingo JE, Ganio MS, Cureton KJ | title = Cardiovascular drift during heat stress: implications for exercise prescription | language = en-US | journal = Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews | volume = 40 | issue = 2 | pages = 88–94 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22410803 | doi = 10.1097/JES.0b013e31824c43af | s2cid = 205712752 | doi-access = free }} This affects exercise performance by reducing the amount of oxygen that is delivered to the muscles during exercise.