Carl S. Williams

William was born on May 16, 1872, in Chatham, Ohio.{{cite journal|last1=Cowan|first1=Alfred|title=CARL SHELDON WILLIAMS, m.d.|journal=Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society|date=1961|volume=59|pages=17–18|pmc=1316396}} A Wellington, Ohio, native, he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1894 with a Bachelor of Science and a medical degree in 1897.Nat Brandt, "When Oberlin Was King of the Gridiron – The Heisman Years," (Kent State University Press, 2001), p. 185, {{ISBN|0-87338-684-1}}.

Williams played at Oberlin College in 1891 and 1892. The 1891 Yeomen played without a paid coach and went 2–2. The next year Williams was named captain.Nat Brandt, p. 177 This team was coached by John Heisman. The Yeomen finished the season undefeated including a season opening victory over Ohio State. Williams scored the first touchdown early in the game which would become a 40–0 route of the Buckeyes.Nat Brandt, p. 71 During that season the Yeomen also claimed a second victory over the Buckeyes and a victory over the Michigan but both schools dispute this.

On Heisman's advice, Williams transferred to his coach's former school, the University of Pennsylvania.Nat Brandt, p. 93 He lettered three seasons at quarterback for the Red and Blue under renowned coach George Washington Woodruff.[http://www.pennathletics.net/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=1700&KEY=&ATCLID=518504&SPID=537&SPSID=60663 2006 University of Pennsylvania Football Media Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103005039/http://www.pennathletics.net/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=1700&KEY=&ATCLID=518504&SPID=537&SPSID=60663 |date=2019-01-03 }}, p. 145, accessed 1-18-2007 At the time Williams played quarterback under Woodruff, the forward pass was illegal. To advance the ball down the field, Woodruff coached his quarterback to "pass the ball with his foot." The rules at the time were that anybody that kicked the ball or anybody behind the kicker was allowed to recover the ball and retain possession. Williams was able to place his kicks with great accuracy allow Penn to recover for a first down.Allison Danzig, "Oh, How They Played the Game," (The Macmillan Company, 1971), p. 113, Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 73-163227

In his first year as quarterback, he helped the 1893 Quakers to a 12–3 record. The team started strong by winning the first 11 game. In those 11 games the defense only gave up 18 points while the offence scored 305 points. The season collapsed in last four games when Penn lost three out of the last four games to Harvard, Yale and Princeton.2006 University of Pennsylvania Football Media Guide, p. 123, At the time Penn rarely beat these three schools. All of the games were close and in losing the game 14–6 to Yale, Penn was able to score a moral victory by scoring. Yale had been un-scored on for 35 straight games stretching from 1890, successively scoring 1,355 unanswered points.Scott A. McQuilkin and Ronald A. Smith, [http://www.la84foundation.org/SportsLibrary/JSH/JSH1993/JSH2001/jsh2001f.pdf "The Rise and Fall of the Flying Wedge: Football's Most Controversial Play"] Journal of Sport History, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Spring 1993), accessed 2-4-2007

In 1894 Williams helped Penn to its first undefeated season. The 1894 team was retroactively named national champions by Parke H. Davis though Yale and Princeton were also retroactively named national champions by other organizations. The highlight of the season was a 12–0 victory over Princeton (only the second in 30 meetings) and an 18–4 victory over Harvard.2006 University of Pennsylvania Football Media Guide, p. 137 The 1894 squad featured a talented backfield that consisted of Williams, Alden Knipe (halfback), George H. Brooke (fullback) and Winchester Osgood (halfback).Allison Danzig, p. 114

Williams was elected captain of the Penn's 1895 team and was named an All American that year.2006 University of Pennsylvania Football Media Guide, p. 15 As captain, he led Penn to another undefeated (14-0) seasons and a second-consecutive retroactive national title.

Other than the two undefeated seasons, Williams may is best known for being instrumental in getting John Heisman back into coaching. Before the 1895 season, Walter Riggs a graduate manager for the Auburn Tigers football team, wrote to Williams asking the Penn captain to suggest a suitable coach. He recommended his former coach at Oberlin, who at the time was a tomato farmer in Texas. Auburn hired Heisman, who went on to Hall of Fame career.[http://clemsontigers.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/092106aab.html 2006 Clemson University Football Media Guide] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061028092244/http://clemsontigers.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/092106aab.html |date=October 28, 2006 }}, p. 170, accessed 1-18-2007

Williams continued playing football after college, as quarterback for the Orange Athletic Club in 1897{{cite news|newspaper=The Sun|location=New York|date=November 26, 1897|page=4|title=Orange Beats Elizabeth|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114438371/|via=Newspapers.com}} and the Duquesne Country and Athletic Club in 1898 and 1899.{{cite news|newspaper=The Sun|location=New York|date=October 16, 1898|page=8|title=In the Football World|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/114438250/|via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite news|newspaper=The Pittsburg Press|date=April 30, 1900|page=5|title=Athletics|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0f8aAAAAIBAJ&pg=5509%2C1425605}}

Image:Pennsylvania football 1904.jpg

In 1902 Williams succeeded his former coach, George W. Woodruff, at the University of Pennsylvania. When Williams first arrived he had to deal with a team and athletic department recovering from an undergraduate and dental student revolt that led to Woodruff to resign. The students were dissatisfied with the team's performance in the 1901 season and demanded more undergraduate say in athletic department and coaching. At the time the Athletic Association's board of directors was controlled by graduate and professional students.Nicholas Gutowski, [http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/football/1800s/origins5.html "Penn Football in the 1800s, Varsity team history, Movement Towards Change and Authority Response: 1901, November 12th - 25th,"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101191858/http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/football/1800s/origins5.html |date=2007-01-01 }} (University of Pennsylvania archives) To protest Woodruff resignation all of Penn's graduate coaches resigned. Williams introduced a coaching system in which he served as head coach while being aided by a group of other alumni who served as assistant coaches. This system reduced the damage any one coach or assistant coach had to leave the team.Nicholas Gutowski, [http://www.archives.upenn.edu/histy/features/sports/football/1800s/origins6.html "Penn Football in the 1800s, Varsity team history, Change: 1901, November 26th - December 3rd,"] (University of Pennsylvania archives) He quickly rebuilt the Quakers and led them to two retroactive national titles in 1904 and 1907. In just his third season as head coach, Williams and Penn posted a 12–0 record and the program's fourth national crown. This Quakers squad has a dominating Defense that only allowed 0.3 points a game with Swarthmore the only school to score on them that season. The next year Williams led Penn to the second-straight undefeated season posting a 12–0–1 mark. Once again defense dominated with seven shutouts.2006 University of Pennsylvania Football Media Guide, p. 120 Penn's fifth and Williams second (as a coach) retroactive national title came after an 11–1 campaign in his last year at the helm of the Quakers. He was replaced the season by Sol Metzger for the 1908 season. He finished his coaching career with a 60–10–4 record.

Williams earned degrees in ophthalmology the University of Heidelberg and London's Royal Ophthalmic College. He practiced ophthalmology for many years in Philadelphia, serving on the staff at Chesnut Hill Hospital, the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and Georgetown Hospital. During World War I, Williams served as a captain in the Air Medical Corps, and later rose to the rank of major in the Army Medical Reserve Corps. He died on November 8, 1960, at the age of 88 near Pennsburg, Pennsylvania.{{cite news |title=DR. CARL WILLIAMS DIES; Eye Specialist Was 1890s Football Star at Penn |author=UPI |author-link=United Press International |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1960/11/10/99963529.pdf |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 10, 1960 |accessdate=August 28, 2012}}

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Note: Before 1936, national champions were determined by historical research and retroactive ratings and polls.
1907 poll results = Penn: Billingsley and Yale: Helms, National Championship Foundation, Parke H. Davis
1904 poll results = Penn: Helms, National Championship Foundation, Parke H. Davis and Michigan: Billingsley, National Championship Foundation

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Category:1872 births

Category:1960 deaths

Category:19th-century players of American football

Category:American football quarterbacks

Category:American ophthalmologists

Category:Oberlin Yeomen football players

Category:Penn Quakers football coaches

Category:Penn Quakers football players

Category:Duquesne Country and Athletic Club players

Category:Heidelberg University alumni

Category:American military personnel of World War I

Category:United States Army officers

Category:People from Wellington, Ohio

Category:People from Medina County, Ohio

Category:Players of American football from Ohio

Category:Physicians from Pennsylvania