Carlos Ezeta
{{Short description|President of El Salvador from 1890 to 1894}}
{{family name hatnote|Ezeta|León|lang=Spanish}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = General
| name = Carlos Ezeta
| image = File:General Carlos Ezeta.png
| order = 44th
| office = President of El Salvador
| term_start = 22 June 1890
| term_end = 10 June 1894
Provisional: 22 June 1890 – 1 March 1891
| vicepresident = Antonio Ezeta (1891–1894)
| predecessor = Francisco Menéndez
| successor = Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez
| birth_date = 14 June 1852
| birth_place = San Salvador, El Salvador
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1903|03|21|1852|06|14|df=y}}
| death_place = Mazatlán, Mexico
| party = Liberal
| spouse = Josefa Marroquín
| children = 4
| relatives = Antonio Ezeta (brother)
| alma_mater =
| profession = Military
| allegiance = {{flag|El Salvador|1875}}
| branch = Salvadoran Army
| serviceyears = 1872–1894
| rank = General
| unit =
| commands =
| battles = Barrios' War of Reunification
First Totoposte War
Revolution of the 44
}}
Carlos Basilio Ezeta y León (14 June 1852 – 21 March 1903) was President of El Salvador from 22 June 1890 to 9 June 1894, when he was overthrown in the Revolution of the 44. He was a military ruler. He died on 21 March 1903, aged 50.
Early life
Carlos Ezeta was born in San Salvador, El Salvador, on 14 June 1852.{{cite web|url=http://www.casapres.gob.sv/presidentes/pres/cezeta1890.htm|title=Presidentes de El Salvador – General Carlos Ezeta|language=es|trans-title=Presidents of El Salvador – General Carlos Ezeta|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302084908/http://www.casapres.gob.sv/presidentes/pres/cezeta1890.htm|archive-date=2 March 2009|access-date=29 March 2021}} His father was General Eligió Ezeta and his mother was Asunción de León Corleto, and he had a younger brother, Antonio Ezeta. He married Josefa Marroquín and had four children: Carlota, Matilde, Emilia, and Asunción.
Military service
Ezeta served in the Salvadoran Army during Santiago González Portillo's and Fernando Figueroa's invasions of Honduras in 1872 and 1873. During his service, he was injured in battle in Santa Bárbara. He lived in Costa Rica in 1875, returned to El Salvador in 1876, and later visited the United States and Guatemala. He returned to El Salvador in 1885 to fight against Guatemala in Barrios' War of Reunification and fought in the Battle of Chalchuapa.
Presidency
On 22 June 1890, Ezeta travelled to the White House of the incumbent President, General Francisco Menéndez, and started an uprising that overthrew Menéndez during which he died. On 1 March 1891, Ezeta formally took office as the President of El Salvador after winning the 1891 Salvadoran presidential election.{{cite web|url=https://library.ucsd.edu/research-and-collections/collections/notable-collections/latin-american-elections-statistics/El%20Salvador/elections-and-events-1850-1899.html|title=Elections and Events 1850–1899|access-date=25 March 2021|publisher=The Library – UC San Diego|language=en|website=UC San Diego|archive-date=23 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323211303/https://library.ucsd.edu/research-and-collections/collections/notable-collections/latin-american-elections-statistics/El%20Salvador/elections-and-events-1850-1899.html|url-status=dead}}
Ezeta oversaw El Salvador's relative political stability at a time when the neighboring republics of Honduras and Guatemala were at war, but he soon lost favor with the landowners and was overthrown in the Revolution of the 44 on 9 June 1894 by Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez with assistance from Nicaragua, Guatemala and Honduras.{{cite web|url=http://www.casapres.gob.sv/presidentes/pres/rguitierres1894.htm|title=Presidentes de El Salvador – General Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez|language=es|trans-title=Presidents of El Salvador – General Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302084939/http://www.casapres.gob.sv/presidentes/pres/rguitierres1894.htm|archive-date=2 March 2009|access-date=1 September 2020}}
Later life and death
He fled to Panama, and then travelled to Europe as there was a warrant for his death; he then returned to Central America and then settled in Mazatlán, Mexico, where he died on 21 March 1903, aged 50. His remains are buried at Angela Peralta Cemetery in Mazatlán.
References
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{{succession box|title=President of El Salvador|before=Francisco Menéndez|after=Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez|years=1890–1894}}
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{{Heads of state of El Salvador}}
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Category:Presidents of El Salvador
Category:People from San Salvador
Category:19th-century Salvadoran people
Category:Leaders who took power by coup
Category:Leaders ousted by a coup