Carlos Jáuregui (activist)
{{Short description|Argentine LGBT rights activist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Carlos Jáuregui
| image =
| image_upright =
| alt = Jáuregui in glasses
| caption = Jáuregui in 1984
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1957|9|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| death_date = {{death date and age|1996|8|20|1957|9|22|df=y}}
| death_place = Buenos Aires, Argentina
| occupation = {{hlist|Activist|author}}
| known_for = La Comunidad Homosexual Argentina (CHA), Gays por los Derechos Civiles (Gays DC)
| relatives = Roberto Jáuregui
}}
Carlos Jáuregui (22 September 1957{{spnd}}20 August 1996) was an Argentine LGBT rights activist. He founded {{lang|es|La Comunidad Homosexual Argentina}} (CHA, or the Argentine Homosexual Community) in 1984. In the early 1990s, he set up {{lang|es|Gays por los Derechos Civiles}} (Gays DC, or Gays for Civil Rights) and organised the first Pride march in Buenos Aires. He died from an HIV-AIDS-related illness at the age of 38. In memorial, a national day of activism for sexual diversity was established. He was posthumously given the Felipa de Souza Award, and, in 2017, a station was renamed after him on the Buenos Aires Underground.
Early life
Carlos Jáuregui was born in La Plata on 22 September 1957.{{cite web |title=Carlos Jáuregui: Vida y activismo |url=http://revistafurias.com/carlos-jauregui/ |website=Revista Furias |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=es |date=20 August 2019}} After attending university, he studied as a postgraduate in Paris and then lived in New York City. When he returned to Argentina in 1982, he was not yet an activist. The National Reorganization Process, the military dictatorship that had ruled Argentina since 1976, collapsed in 1983 and the following year Jáuregui founded {{lang|es|La Comunidad Homosexual Argentina}} (CHA, or the Argentine Homosexual Community).{{cite web |last1=Iwanek |first1=Natalia |title=Carlos Jáuregui: Profiling a Legendary Argentinian Queer Activist |url=https://passionpassport.com/carlos-jauregui-gay-argentina/ |website=Passion Passport |accessdate=10 August 2020 |date=9 March 2020}}
Career
CHA became an important group campaigning for gay rights in Argentina and is internationally recognised as a force in creating the strong LGBT rights in Argentina.{{cite news |last1=Necati |first1=Yas |title=Argentina, with its first-class LGBTQ+ rights and its failure to legalise abortion, proves an uncomfortable theory about progress |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/argentina-abortion-referendum-lgbtq-a8484726.html |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=The Independent |date=9 August 2018 |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318072338/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/argentina-abortion-referendum-lgbtq-a8484726.html |url-status=live }} By the end of the 1990s it was giving legal assistance, remembering AIDS deaths and campaigning for HIV/AIDS awareness and against LGBT discrimination.{{cite book |last1=Balderston |first1=Daniel |last2=Gonzalez |first2=Mike |last3=Lopez |first3=Ana M. |title=Encyclopedia of Contemporary Latin American and Caribbean Cultures |date=2000 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-78851-4 |page=407 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KVOEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA407 |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=en}} Jáuregui published {{lang|es|La homosexualidad en la Argentina}} (Homosexuality and Argentina) in 1987.{{cite book |last1=Jáuregui |first1=Carlos Luis |title=La homosexualidad en la Argentina |date=1987 |publisher=Ediciones Tarso |isbn=9789509578067}} It recounted his experiences as an activist in Argentina and the foundation of CHA.{{cite book |last1=Encarnación |first1=Omar G. |title=Out in the Periphery: Latin America's Gay Rights Revolution |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-046972-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWPRCwAAQBAJ |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=en |format=eBook}}
Jáuregui then set up {{lang|es|Gays por los Derechos Civiles}} (Gays DC, or Gays for Civil Rights) in 1991, which later became Gays and Lesbians for Civil Rights.{{cite book |last1=Eckstein |first1=Susan |last2=Wickham-Crowley |first2=Timothy P. |title=Struggles for Social Rights in Latin America |date=2003 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-93527-2 |page=262 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EEaqmUXW49QC&pg=PA262 |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=en}} Its most active years were 1993 until 1996, with the group focusing upon supporting victims of discrimination based on sexuality and sufferers of AIDS. Jáuregui became a media figure, performing stunts such as suing Antonio Quarracino (the Archbishop of Buenos Aires) for discrimination. Unlike other gay leaders at the time, he always insisted upon the four "legs" of the "table", namely gay, lesbian, transexual, and travesti, saying that if any leg was missing the whole table would collapse.{{cite web |last1=Walker-Dack |first1=Roger |title=Film Review: "Carlos Jáuregui : The Unforgettable Fag" |url=http://www.gaysonoma.com/2017/05/film-review-carlos-jauregui-the-unforgettable-fag/ |website=We The People |accessdate=10 August 2020}} In 1992, Jáuregui organised the {{lang|es|Primera Marcha del Orgullo Gay Lésbica Travesti Trans Bisexual}}, the first LGBT Pride march in Buenos Aires. The first march drew 300 people; by the late 2010s it was drawing over 100,000 people.{{cite news |last1=Lemus |first1=Karen Michelle |title=Buenos Aires gears up for the huge celebration of LGBT culture |url=https://www.batimes.com.ar/news/argentina/buenos-aires-annual-gay-pride-march.phtml |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=Buenos Aires Times}}
Death and legacy
Carlos Jáuregui died at the age of 38 as a result of an HIV-AIDS-related illness on 20 August 1996.{{cite news |last1=Jackman |first1=Josh |title=The first underground station to be named after an LGBT activist looks absolutely beautiful |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/03/27/the-first-underground-station-to-be-named-after-an-lgbt-activist-looks-absolutely-beautiful/ |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=PinkNews |date=27 March 2017 |archive-date=14 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214070618/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/03/27/the-first-underground-station-to-be-named-after-an-lgbt-activist-looks-absolutely-beautiful/ |url-status=live }} His partner Pablo Azcona and his brother Roberto Jáuregui had each previously died from AIDS related illnesses, in 1988 and 1994 respectively.{{cite web |last1=Darling |first1=Laura |title=Carlos Jáuregui |url=https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/articles/2017/10/23/carlos-juregui |website=Making Queer History |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=en-CA |archive-date=6 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406031146/https://www.makingqueerhistory.com/articles/2017/10/23/carlos-juregui |url-status=live }}{{cite news |last1=Bellucci |first1=Mabel |title=El camino de un luchador [The way of a fighter] |url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/el-camino-de-un-luchador-nid1330654/ |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=La Nacion |date=4 December 2010 |language=es}} Soon after his death, the Buenos Aires City Legislature voted to add a clause that punishes acts of sexual discrimination to the city's constitution.
A square was named after him in Buenos Aires, and an annual day of activism for sexual diversity ({{lang|es|el Día del Activismo por la diversidad sexual}}) was launched.{{cite news |last1=Redacción |title=¿Por qué se celebra el Día del Activismo por la diversidad sexual en Argentina? |url=https://telesoldiario.com/nacionales/por-que-se-celebra-el-dia-del-activismo-por-la-diversidad-sexual-en-argentina-94460/ |accessdate=10 August 2020 |work=Telesol Diario |date=20 August 2019 |language=es}} In 1998, he was posthumously given the Felipa de Souza Award.{{cite web |title=Awards |url=https://outrightinternational.org/events/awards-2017 |website=OutRight Action International |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=en |date=19 October 2016 |archive-date=13 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713024643/https://outrightinternational.org/events/awards-2017 |url-status=live }} A Buenos Aires Underground station was named after him in 2017; Santa Fe – Carlos Jáuregui station was opened by Horacio Rodríguez Larreta, chief of local government, and featured rainbow-coloured steps and a large mural. The Independent claimed it was the first station in the world to be named after an LGBT activist.
Mabel Bellucci wrote {{lang|es|Orgullo – Carlos Jáuregui, una biografía política}} (Pride – Carlos Jáuregui, a political biography), which was published in 2010.{{cite web |title=Orgullo. Carlos Jáuregui, una Biografía Política de Mabel Bellucci [Pride – Carlos Jáuregui, a political biography by Mabel Bellucci |url=https://hemisphericinstitute.org/en/emisferica-81/8-1-book-reviews/orgullo-carlos-jauregui-una-biografia-politica-de-mabel-bellucci.html |website=hemisphericinstitute.org |accessdate=10 August 2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714224231/https://hemisphericinstitute.org/en/emisferica-81/8-1-book-reviews/orgullo-carlos-jauregui-una-biografia-politica-de-mabel-bellucci.html |url-status=live }} A film about Jáuregui's life was made in 2016, titled Carlos Jáuregui: The Unforgettable Fag.{{cite web |title=QAFF18: Carlos Jauregui |url=https://queerasia.com/qaff18-carlos-jauregui/ |website='Queer' Asia |accessdate=10 August 2020 |language=en |date=8 May 2018}}
References
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Category:20th-century Argentine male writers
Category:AIDS-related deaths in Argentina
Category:Felipa de Souza Award
Category:Argentine LGBTQ rights activists