Carnoy's solution
{{Short description|Fixative solution}}
Carnoy's solution is a fixative composed of 60% ethanol, 30% chloroform and 10% glacial acetic acid, 1 gram of ferric chloride.{{cite web |accessdate=13 Jan 2009 |title=MSDS :: Carnoy's Solution (Fixative) |url=http://www.sciencestuff.com/msds/C1466.html |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327061520/http://www.sciencestuff.com/msds/C1466.html |archivedate=2009-03-27 }}{{cite journal
|author=Carnoy J. B.
|title=Appendice Les Globule Polaires de L'Ascaris Clavata
|journal=La Cellule RECUEIL DE CYTOLOGIE ET d'HISTOLOGIE GÉNÉRALE
|volume=3
|pages=276
|date=1887
|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6937354}}
Carnoy's solution is also the name of a different fixation composed of ethanol and glacial acetic acid (3:1).{{cite journal | doi = 10.3109/10520296209114563 | pmid=13921436 | volume=37 | title=Chromosome Preparatons of Bone Marrow Cells without PriorIn VitroCulture orIn VivoColchicine Administration | year=1962 | journal=Stain Technology | pages=17–20 | vauthors=Tjio JH, Whang J}}{{cite journal | doi = 10.2307/1538691 | volume=104 | issue=1 | year=1953 | journal=The Biological Bulletin | pages=57–67 | vauthors=Mazia D, Brewer PA, Alfert MA| jstor=1538691 | title=The Cytochemical Staining and Measurement of Protein with Mercuric Bromphenol Blue | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/32681 }}{{cite journal | doi = 10.1007/s11230-009-9198-2 | pmid=19731093 | volume=74 | issue=2 | title=Chromosome numbers for three species of medicinal leeches (Hirudo spp.) | year=2009 | journal=Systematic Parasitology | pages=95–102 | vauthors=Utevsky S, Kovalenko N, Doroshenko K, Petrauskienė L, Klymenko V| s2cid=7947757 }}
The invention of Carnoy's solution is attributed to Jean-Baptiste Carnoy, a pioneering 19th century cytologist.{{Citation |last1=Ireland |first1=Robert |title=Carnoy's solution |date=2020-04-23 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780191828621.001.0001/acref-9780191828621-e-5108;jsessionid=EA246F7FF0D191C9A7457E5A9B9974B3 |work=A Dictionary of Dentistry |editor-last=Yeung |editor-first=Chuen Albert |access-date=2023-04-10 |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780191828621.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-182862-1 |last2=Yeung |first2=Chuen Albert YeungChuen Albert|url-access=subscription }}
Uses
Some of the uses of Carnoy's solution are:
- Enhancing lymph node detection during dissection of cadavers.{{cite journal
|vauthors=Luz DA, Ribeiro U, Chassot C, Collet E, Silva FS, Cecconello I, Corbett CE
|title=Carnoy's solution enhances lymph node detection: an anatomical dissection study in cadavers
|journal=Histopathology
|volume=53
|issue=6
|pages=740–2
|date=December 2008
|pmid=19076686
|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03148.x
|s2cid=19362456
|issn=
}}
- Immunohistochemical fixation and detection of NMDA receptors within the murine hippocampus.{{cite journal
|vauthors=Yoneyama M, Kitayama T, Taniura H, Yoneda Y
|title=Immersion fixation with Carnoy solution for conventional immunohistochemical detection of particular N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits in murine hippocampus
|journal=J. Neurosci. Res.
|volume=73
|issue=3
|pages=416–26
|date=August 2003
|pmid=12868075
|doi=10.1002/jnr.10622
|s2cid=40884078
}}
- Applied directly following enucleation for the treatment of odontogenic keratocysts.{{cite journal
|vauthors=Madras J, Lapointe H
|title=Keratocystic odontogenic tumour: reclassification of the odontogenic keratocyst from cyst to tumour
|journal=J Can Dent Assoc
|volume=74
|issue=2
|pages=165–165h
|date=March 2008
|pmid=18353202
|url=http://www.cda-adc.ca/jcda/vol-74/issue-2/165.html
|url=http://www.thejcdp.com/issue002/oda/04oda.htm
|title=Odontogenic Keratocyst: The Northwestern USA Experience
|accessdate=14 Jan 2009
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106171206/http://www.thejcdp.com/issue002/oda/04oda.htm
|archivedate=2009-01-06
|url=http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2006Orld/techprogram/abstract_76521.htm
|accessdate=14 Jan 2009
|title=Use of Carnoy's Solution in management of odontogenic keratocysts
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517020923/http://iadr.confex.com/iadr/2006Orld/techprogram/abstract_76521.htm
|archivedate=2009-05-17
}}
- Direct application following enucleation (Cuba) for certain kinds of unicystic ameloblastomas.{{cite journal
|vauthors=Lee PK, Samman N, Ng IO
|title=Unicystic ameloblastoma--use of Carnoy's solution after enucleation
|journal=Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg
|volume=33
|issue=3
|pages=263–7
|date=April 2004
|pmid=15290793
|doi=10.1006/ijom.2003.0496
}} This appears to decrease the likelihood of recurrence over enucleation alone.{{cite journal
|vauthors=Lau SL, Samman N
|title=Recurrence related to treatment modalities of unicystic ameloblastoma: a systematic review
|journal=Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg
|volume=35
|issue=8
|pages=681–90
|date=August 2006
|pmid=16782308
|doi=10.1016/j.ijom.2006.02.016
}} Protein coagulation is thought to limit uptake of these toxic materials by surrounding tissues, however it is this fact that limits its usefulness as a treatment agent in general.{{cite book
|author=Marx, Robert E.
|author2=Stern, Diane
|title=Oral and maxillofacial pathology: a rationale for diagnosis and treatment
|url=https://archive.org/details/oralmaxillofacia00marx
|url-access=limited
|publisher=Quintessence
|location=Chicago
|year=2003
|page=[https://archive.org/details/oralmaxillofacia00marx/page/n14 684]
|isbn=0-86715-390-3
}}
- As a fixative for pap smear samples.{{cite journal
|doi=10.1159/000325477
|vauthors=Shamsi M, Abdali K, Montazer NR, Kumar PV, Tabatabaee HR
|title=Comparison of Carnoy's solution and 96% ethyl alcohol fixation in bloody Pap smears
|journal=Acta Cytol.
|volume=52
|issue=2
|pages=187–90
|year=2008
|pmid=18499991
|s2cid=3370408
}}
- As a fixative agent for both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in various tissues.{{cite journal
|vauthors=Miething F, Hering S, Hanschke B, Dressler J
|title=Effect of fixation to the degradation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in different tissues
|journal=J. Histochem. Cytochem.
|volume=54
|issue=3
|pages=371–4
|date=March 2006
|pmid=16260588
|doi=10.1369/jhc.5B6726.2005|doi-access=free
}}
- As a fixative agent to preserve mucus, useful for tissue preparation before staining with periodic acid-Schiff base.{{cite web |accessdate=25 Oct 2009 |title=Stains File: Carnoy's Fluid |url=http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/prepare/fix/fixatives/carnoy.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215025156/http://stainsfile.info/StainsFile/prepare/fix/fixatives/carnoy.htm |archive-date=15 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}