Cartazzi axle

File:60163 Tornado Cartazzi axle.jpg]]

A Cartazzi axle is a design of leading or trailing wheel support{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iDRDAQAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=RA1-PA4| via=Google Books| page=6| journal=The Railway Engineer| date=January 1906| title=Three-Cylinder Balanced Compound "Atlantic" Engines; Great Central Railway| volume=XXVII| issue=312}}{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQsZAAAAIAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle| via=Google Books| title=Some Classic Locomotives| page=156| first=Cuthbert Hamilton| last=Ellis| publisher=Allen & Unwin| year=1949| quote=The leading and trailing carrying axles had sideplay through Cartazzi sliding axleboxes}}{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R3oEAAAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle| title=Steam Railways of Britain in Colour| first=Oswald Stevens| last=Nock| page=144| quote=The leading pair of wheels had the Cartazzi form of axle box...| publisher=Blandford P.| year=1967}} used worldwide.{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3-bNAAAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=RA1-PA39| via=Google Books| page=39| date=February 15, 1909| journal=The Locomotive Magazine & Railway Carriage & Wagon Review| volume=XV| issue=198| title=Six-Coupled Tank Locomotive, Imperial Rys. of Japan}}{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=clo5AQAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=PA188| via=Google Books| title=Garratt Type Locomotive for the Sao Paulo Ry., Brazil| first=F.C.| last=Coleman| pages=187–188| date=February 9, 1918| journal=Railway Review| volume=62| issue=6}}{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dwk0AQAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=PA143| via=Google Books| title=Four-Wheel Coupled Locomotive for the Dutch States Railways| date=February 1, 1901| journal=Engineering| page=143}}{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VotFAQAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=PA180| via=Google Books| title=Powerful Articulated Narrow Gage Locomotives for Tasmania| page=180| journal=Scientific American Supplement| date=September 20, 1915| volume=LXXVI| issue=1968| location=New York}}{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9pgkAAAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle| via=Google Books| journal=Trains| title=Roundhouse Nightmare| page=18| volume=17| publisher=Kalmbach Publishing Company| year=1956}} The design was used extensively on the former LNER's Pacific steam locomotives and named after its inventor F.J. Cartazzi,{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wjDxYlArQAC&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=PA84| via=Google Books| page=84| title=The Tentacles of Progress: Technology Transfer in the Age of Imperialism, 1850-1940| first=Daniel R.| last=Headrick| publisher=Oxford University Press| year=1988| isbn=0-19-505115-7}} formerly of the Great Northern Railway. It should not be confused with a pony truck as it does not pivot at all. The axle does, however, have sideways play built in to accommodate tight curves. Cartazzi's design causes the weight of the locomotive to exert a self-centring action on the trailing wheels.{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVgiRfFBiTgC&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=PA276| via=Google Books| page=250| title=Illustrated Encyclopedia of World Railway Locomotives| editor-first=P.| editor-last=Ransome-Wallis| publisher=Dover Publications| location=Mineola, New York| year=2001| orig-year=1959| isbn=0-486-41247-4}}

The Cartazzi design was also sometimes applied to driving wheel axles on longer wheelbase locomotives.{{cite journal| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4pE4AQAAMAAJ&q=cartazzi+axle&pg=PA212| via=Google Books| quote=... the coupled wheelbase, which is 16ft. 6in., is not rigid, the leading axle boxes having 1¼in. side play. This is compensated for in the leading length of the coupling rods and controlled by sliding caps on the axle boxes on the Cartazzi principle.| page=212| journal=The Mechanical World| date=October 30, 1908| title=Modern British Practice in Tank Locomotives - II| volume=XLIV| issue=1139| location=Manchester, England}}