Cartosat

{{Infobox spacecraft class

| image =

| caption = Cartosat-2 (Image: ISRO)

| name = Cartosat

| manufacturer = ISRO

| country = India

| bus = IRS

| applications = Optical Earth observation

| orbits = SSO

| orbit_reference = Geocentric

| operator = NTRO

| lifetime =

| status = Operational

| launched = 9

| operational = 9

| failed =

| lost =

| first = Cartosat-1 (2005)

| last = Cartosat-3 (2019)

| retired =

| mass = {{cvt|700|-|1600|kg}}

| power = 0.9-1.1 kW

| batteries = Solar

| equipment = Panchromatic cameras

}}

The Cartosat is a series of Indian optical Earth observation satellites built and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The Cartosat series is a part of the Indian Remote Sensing Program. They are used for Earth's resource management, defence services and monitoring.

History

The Department of Space (DoS) had launched and managed the IRS series of remote sensing satellites for Earth's resource management and monitoring. These satellites were very successful in providing data in various scales ranging from 1:1 Million to 1:12,500 scale. Each of the IRS missions ensured data continuity while introducing improvements in the spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions. Considering increased demand for large scale and topographic mapping data, the DoS launched the expanded Cartosat series of remote sensing satellites. The first satellite of the series, Cartosat-1, was launched in 2005.

Satellites

= Cartosat-1 =

Cartosat-1 was launched by PSLV-C6 on 5 May 2005 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre's SLP at Sriharikota.{{Cite news |url= http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-05-05/news/27496736_1_pslv-polar-sun-synchronous-orbit-second-launch-pad |archive-url= https://archive.today/20130103064337/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2005-05-05/news/27496736_1_pslv-polar-sun-synchronous-orbit-second-launch-pad |url-status= dead |archive-date= 3 January 2013 |title= PSLV-C6 launched from Sriharikota |access-date=18 September 2012 |date=5 May 2005 |work=The Economic Times |location=India}} Images from the satellite are available from GeoEye for worldwide distribution. The satellite covers the entire globe in 1867 orbits on a 126-day cycle.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nrsc.gov.in/#app=a097&cd0b-selectedIndex=8 |title=NRSC: Cartosat-1 |access-date=11 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150829044009/http://www.nrsc.gov.in/#app=a097&cd0b-selectedIndex=8 |archive-date=29 August 2015 |url-status=dead }} It carries two state-of-the-art panchromatic (PAN) cameras that take black and white stereoscopic pictures of the earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The two cameras with 2.5 m spatial resolution, acquire two images simultaneously, one forward looking (FORE) at +26 degrees and one aft of the satellite at −5 degrees for near instantaneous stereo data.{{Cite web|url=http://www.racurs.ru/?page=373|title=Racurs :: Resources :: Articles and Presentations :: Cartosat-1 Stereo Orthokit Data Evaluation|website=www.racurs.ru|access-date=2016-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605083243/http://www.racurs.ru/?page=373|archive-date=5 June 2016|url-status=dead}} The time difference between the acquisitions of the same scene by the two cameras is about 52 seconds.

= Cartosat-2 =

Cartosat-2 was launched by PSLV-C7 on 10 January 2007 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre's FLP at Sriharikota. Cartosat-2 carries a state-of-the-art panchromatic (PAN) camera that take black and white pictures of the Earth in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The swath covered by this high resolution PAN camera is 9.6 km and their spatial resolution is less than 1 metre.{{cite web |url=http://www.pasco.co.jp/eng/products/cartosat-2/ |title=Cartosat-2:Optical Satellite |publisher=pasco.co.jp |access-date=2013-02-26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130211171019/http://www.pasco.co.jp/eng/products/cartosat-2/ |archive-date=2013-02-11 }} The satellite can be steered up to 45 degrees along as well as across the track. Cartosat-2 is an advanced remote sensing satellite capable of providing scene-specific spot imagery. The data from the satellite is used for detailed mapping and other cartographic applications at cad-astral level, urban and rural infrastructure development and management, as well as applications in Land Information System (LIS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).

= Cartosat-2A =

Cartosat-2A was launched by PSLV-C9 on 28 April 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota along with nine other satellites.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7370391.stm India in multi-satellite launch] It is a dedicated satellite for the Indian Armed Forces which is in the process of establishing an Aerospace Command.{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015064 |title=NDTV.com: India to launch first military satellite in August |date=10 June 2008 |access-date=18 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502235038/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070015064 |archive-date=2 May 2008 }} The satellite carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The highly agile Cartosat-2A can be steered up to 45 degrees along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently.

= Cartosat-2B =

Cartosat-2B was launched by PSLV-C15 on 12 July 2010 from Sriharikota. The satellite carries a panchromatic (PAN) camera capable of taking black-and-white pictures in the visible region of electromagnetic spectrum. The highly agile CARTOSAT-2B can be steered up to 26 degrees along as well as across the direction of its movement to facilitate imaging of any area more frequently.{{Cite web |url=http://www.isro.org/satellites/cartosat-2b.aspx |title=Cartosat-2B ISRO Page |access-date=2013-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121084039/http://isro.org/satellites/cartosat-2b.aspx |archive-date=2013-01-21 |url-status=dead }}

= Cartosat-2C =

Cartosat-2C has a lower resolution of 25 cm (10"). It uses 1.2 m optics with 60% of weight removal compared to Cartosat-2. Other features include the use of adaptive optics, acousto optical devices, in-orbit focusing using MEMs and large area-light weight mirrors.[http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec252007/1715.pdf Current Science], Vol. 93, no. 12, 25 December 2007, page 1729. The satellite was to be launched on board PSLV C-34 during 2014,[http://www.livemint.com/2008/01/15232830/Isro-plans-satellite-series-fo.html ISRO plans satellite series for mapping, climate monitoring – livemint] but was delayed and finally launched on 22 June 2016. Its uses include weather mapping, cartography, and strategic applications.{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/India-sets-new-record-in-space-mission-PSLV-C34-successfully-injects-20-satellites-into-orbit/articleshow/52862382.cms | title=India sets new record in space mission; PSLV C34 successfully injects 20 satellites into orbit | work=The Times of India | date=22 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | author=U Tejonmayam}}{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isros-20in1-mission-top-10-facts/article8758848.ece | title=ISRO's 20-in-1 mission successful | work=The Hindu | date=22 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016 | author=Dennis S. Jesudasan}}{{cite web | url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/big-boost-to-indias-space-mission-isro-sets-record-launches-pslv-c34-with-20-satellites/articleshow/52861909.cms | title=Big boost to India's space mission: ISRO sets record, launches PSLV-C34 with 20 satellites | work=The Economic Times | agency=PTI | date=22 June 2016 | access-date=22 June 2016}}

= Cartosat-2D =

Cartosat-2D was launched by PSLV-C37 on 15 February 2017 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre.

= Cartosat-2E =

Cartosat-2E was launched by PSLV-C38 on 23 June 2017. The PSLV-C38 rocket launched the 712 kg satellite along with 30 other nano satellites.

= Cartosat-2F =

Cartosat-2F was launched successfully by PSLV-C40 on 12 January 2018. The PSLV-C40 rocket launched the 710 kg satellite, the seventh of the Cartosat-2 series, along with 30 other nano satellites from India, Canada, Finland, France, Republic of Korea, UK and the USA.{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/isro-launch-live-updates-100th-satellite-set-to-take-off/story-mxrUUEpfMpg7AHgoEVlWOJ.html | title=Isro launch LIVE: Space agency successfully launches 100th satellite Cartosat-2, PM congratulates scientists | work=Hindustan Times | date=12 January 2018 | access-date=12 January 2018 | author=}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/12-jan-2018/pslv-successfully-launches-31-satellites-single-flight|title=PSLV Successfully Launches 31 Satellites in a Single Flight – ISRO|website=www.isro.gov.in|language=en|access-date=2018-01-12|archive-date=30 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130211525/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/12-jan-2018/pslv-successfully-launches-31-satellites-single-flight|url-status=dead}}

= Cartosat-3 =

{{main|Cartosat-3}}Cartosat-3 was launched on 27 November 2019 by PSLV-C47 rocket along with 13 other cubesats from USA.{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pslv-c47/cartosat-3-mission-isro-successfully-places-remote-sensing-satellite-13-us-nanosatellites-in-orbits/articleshow/72252052.cms|title=PSLV-C47/Cartosat-3 mission: Isro successfully places remote sensing satellite, 13 US nanosatellites in orbits|date=November 27, 2019|first=U.|last=Tejonmayam|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-11-27}} It has a panchromatic resolution of 0.25 metres making it the imaging satellite with highest resolution and Mx of 1 metre with a high quality resolution which is a major improvement from the previous payloads in the Cartosat series.{{cite news|author1=N. Gopal Raj|title=ISRO plans a new high-resolution earth satellite|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-plans-a-new-highresolution-earth-satellite/article4482404.ece|website=The Hindu|date=6 March 2013 |access-date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119185423/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-plans-a-new-highresolution-earth-satellite/article4482404.ece|archive-date=19 January 2018}}