Carya texana

{{Short description|Species of tree}}

{{Speciesbox

|name=Black hickory

|image=Carya texana in Houston, TX - leaves and fruit.jpg

|image_caption=

|genus=Carya

|parent=Carya sect. Carya

|species=texana

|authority=Buckley (1861)

|range_map=Carya texana range map 1.png

|range_map_caption=Natural range of Carya texana

|synonyms_ref=

|synonyms={{collapsible list|bullets=true

|Carya arkansana Sarg.

|Carya buckleyi Durand

|Carya glabra var. villosa (Sarg.) B.L.Rob.

|Carya texana var. arkansana (Sarg.) Little

|Carya texana f. glabra (E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.) Steyerm.

|Carya texana var. villosa (Sarg.) Little

|Carya villosa (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid.

|Hicoria arkansana (Sarg.) Ashe

|Hicoria glabra var. villosa Sarg.

|Hicoria pallida var. arkansana (Sarg.) Ashe

|Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe

|Hicorius arkansana Ashe

|Hicorius buckleyi Ashe

}}

}}

Carya texana (called black hickory for its dark colored bark, or Texas hickory) is a North American tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae. It is endemic to the United States, found primarily in the southern Great Plains and the Lower Mississippi Valley. It is an endangered species in Indiana, where it occurs in the southwest corner of the state.

Description

Black hickory grows up to {{cvt|41|m|ft}} tall. It has dark gray to black bark with a tight "diamond" patterning. The leaves usually have a dense coating of scales, imparting a rusty brown color. They are pinnately compound usually with seven leaflets, but sometimes five or nine. The fruits (nuts) are bronze to reddish brown and the seeds can be sweet and edible, but are sometimes bitter.{{cite book|last=Little|first=Elbert L.|title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region|publisher=Knopf|location=New York|year=1980|isbn=0-394-50760-6|page=355}}

{{Gallery |mode=packed

|Carya texana in Houston, TX - nuts.jpg|Black hickory nuts

|Carya texana imported from iNaturalist photo 35507931 on 5 August 2019.jpg|Bark on a young branch

|Carya texana BB-1913.png|Illustration from Britton and Brown (1913)

}}

Genetics

Black hickory is a 64-chromosome species that readily hybridizes with tetraploid C. tomentosa. Hybrids with 32 chromosomes may also occur.

References

{{Reflist|refs=

Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 1: 584.

[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Carya%20texana.png Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map]

[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=233500324 Flora of North America: Carya texana]

{{cite web | url=http://cgru.usda.gov/carya/species/texana/texana.htm | title=C. texana Buckley. Black Hickory |last=Grauke |first=L. J.}}

[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2701863 The Plant List, Carya texana Buckley ]

[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=cate9 United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile for Carya texana (black hickory)]

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5047670}}

texana

Category:Edible nuts and seeds

Category:Endemic flora of the United States

Category:Plants described in 1861

Category:Trees of Northern America

Category:Endangered flora of the United States

Category:Flora without expected TNC conservation status