Catherine Grandison, Countess of Salisbury

{{Short description|English noblewoman}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}

{{Use British English|date=August 2019}}

Catherine Grandison, Countess of Salisbury ({{c.}} 1304 – 23 November 1349) was an English noblewoman, remembered for being raped by King Edward III of England and possibly the woman in whose honour the Order of the Garter was originated.{{cite book

| last1 = Fisher | first1 = Deborah

| title = Princesses of Wales

| location = Cardiff

| publisher = University of Wales Press

| year= 2005

| page = 17 | isbn = 978-0-7083-1936-9 }}

She was the daughter of William de Grandison, 1st Baron Grandison, and Sibylla de Tregoz. Her mother was one of two daughters of John de Tregoz, Baron Tregoz (whose arms were blazoned Gules two bars gemels in chief a lion passant guardant or),{{cite book|author=Burke|first=John|author-link=John Burke (genealogist)|url=https://archive.org/details/ageneralandhera02burkgoog|title=A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance. England|publisher=H. Colburn & R. Bentley|year=1831|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ageneralandhera02burkgoog/page/n536 521]–}} maternal granddaughter of Fulk IV, Baron FitzWarin).{{CN|date=June 2023}} Catherine married William Montacute, 1st Earl of Salisbury in about 1320.

Their children were:

• Elizabeth Montacute, b. before 1325, married Hugh le Despencer, Baron le Despencer before 27 April 1341.
• William Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury (1328–1397)
• Sibyl Montacute, born 1329, died after 1371, married Sir Edmund FitzAlan, Knt. before 1347.
• John de Montacute, 1st Baron Montacute, (1330–1390), father of John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury.
• Philippa Montagu, born 1332, died 1381, married Roger Mortimer, 2nd Earl of March.
• Agnes Montagu, contracted to marry John, eldest son of Roger Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Ruthyn.

According to Jean Le Bel, King Edward III raped Catherine in 1341, according to the True Chronicles of Jean le Bel he "left her there unconscious, bleeding from her nose, mouth, and elsewhere",{{cite book |last1=le Bel |first1=Jean |title=The True Chronicles of Jean le Bel |date=2011 |publisher=The Boydell Press |pages=155–6}} after having relieved a Scottish siege on Wark Castle, where she lived, while her husband was out of the country. An Elizabethan play, Edward III, deals with this incident. In the play, the Earl of Warwick is the unnamed countess's father.

In around 1348, the Order of the Garter was founded by Edward III and it is recorded by Jean FroissartJean Froissart, Chronicles that he did so after an incident at a ball when the "Countess of Salisbury" dropped a garter and the king picked it up. It is assumed that Froissart is referring either to Catherine or to her daughter-in-law, Joan of Kent.

In 1836 Alexandre Dumas's first serialised novel The Countess of Salisbury was based on her life.