Caudron C.440 Goéland
| {{Infobox Aircraft Begin
|name=C.440 Goéland |image=Caudron C.449 Goeland at Pontoise 1957.jpg |caption=Caudron C.449 Goeland trainer of Air France at Pontoise-Cormeilles airfield near Paris in May 1957 }}{{Infobox Aircraft Type |type=Civil utility aircraft |manufacturer=Caudron |designer=Marcel Riffard |first flight=1934 |introduced= |retired= |status= |primary user= |more users= |produced= |number built=1,702 |variants with their own articles= }} |
The Caudron C.440 Goéland ("seagull") was a six-seat twin-engine utility aircraft developed in France in the mid-1930s.
Design and development
It was a conventionally configured low-wing cantilever monoplane with tailwheel undercarriage. The main undercarriage units retracted into the engine nacelles. Construction was wooden throughout, with wooden skinning everywhere but the forward and upper fuselage sections, which were skinned in metal. As usually configured, the cabin seated six passengers with baggage compartments fore and aft, and a toilet aft.
Operational history
File:Caudron C445 27 January 1943 342-FH 000700.jpg
Image:Caudron C449 Goeland 1273 FAF RWY 15.03.47 edited-2.jpg in 1947]]
Apart from private buyers, the C.440 was also bought by the Armée de l'Air, Aéronavale, Aéromaritime, Régie Air Afrique and Air France, and some were exported for service with Aeroput. Production of the C.440 and its subtypes continued until the outbreak of World War II, at which time many C.440s were impressed into military service. Following the fall of France, some were operated by the German Luftwaffe and Deutsche Luft Hansa. Another user was the Slovenské vzdušné zbrane - it ordered 12 aircraft as the C.445M in 1942.
Production began again after the war for military and civil use as a transport and as a twin-engined trainer. In the postwar reorganisation of the French aircraft industry, Caudron became part of SNCA du Nord and the aircraft became the Nord Goéland; 325 of these were built.{{sfn|Green|Pollinger|1954|page=88}} Postwar commercial operators included Air France, SABENA, Aigle Azur and Compagnie Air Transport (CAT).
Variants
- C.440 - prototype (three built)
- C.441 - version with Renault 6Q-01 engine and dihedral added to outer wing panel (four built)
- C.444 - first version with counter-rotating propellers, adopted on all later versions (17 built)
- C.445 - similar to C.444, but dihedral of outer wing panels increased (114 built)
- C.445/1 - two built
- C.445/2 - three built
- C.445/3 - postwar production version (510 built)
- C.445M - militarised version (404 built)
- C.445R - long-range version (one built)
- C.446 Super Goéland - one built
- C.447 - air ambulance version (31 built)
- C.448 - version with supercharged engines (seven built)
- C.449 - final production version (349 built, including subtypes below)
- C.449/1
- C.449/2
- C.449/3
- C.449/4 - photographic survey version
- C.449/5
Operators
;{{BEL}}
;{{BUL}}
;{{Flag|Vichy France}}
;{{FRA}}
- Air Bleu{{Harvnb|Stroud|1966|p=91}}
- Aéromaritime
- Aeronavale
- Aigle Azur
- Air France{{Harvnb|Stroud|1966|pp=91–92}}
- Armee de l'Air
- Chargeurs Réunis
- {{Interlanguage link|Compagnie Air Transport|de}} (CAT)
- Règie Air AfriqueAir-Britain Aviation World December 2011 p.173
;{{flag|Nazi Germany}}
;{{ESP}}
;{{flagcountry|Kingdom of Yugoslavia}}:
- Aeroput{{Harvnb|Stroud|1966|p=92}}
- Royal Yugoslav Air Force - One aircraft was impressed into military in April 1940.
;{{flag|Slovak State}}
;{{flagdeco|Spanish Republic}} Spanish Republic
Specifications (C.445M)
File:Nord C449-1 Goeland 3-view silhouette.jpg
{{Aircraft specs
|prime units? = met
|crew=two pilots
|length m=13.68
|length ft=44
|length in=11
|span m=17.59
|span ft=57
|span in=9
|height m=3.40
|height ft=11
|height in=2
|wing area sqm=42.0
|wing area sqft=452
|empty weight kg=2,292
|empty weight lb=5,053
|gross weight kg=3,500
|gross weight lb=7,716
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 name=Renault 6Q
|eng1 kw=164
|eng1 hp=220
|max speed kmh=300
|max speed mph=186
|range km=1,000
|range miles=620
|ceiling m=7,000
|ceiling ft=
|climb rate ms=3.3
|climb rate ftmin=650
}}
See also
{{aircontent
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
- List of Interwar military aircraft
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force
|see also=
}}
References
{{commons category|Caudron C.440 Goéland}}
=Citations=
{{reflist}}
=Bibliography=
- {{cite journal |last1=Cassou|first1=Roger|title=Courrier des Lecteurs|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=June 2001 |issue=99 |page=3 |trans-title= Readers' Letters |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Chenel|first1=Bernard|title=Courrier des Lecteurs|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=June 2000 |issue=87 |page=3 |trans-title= Readers' Letters |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite book |last1=Chillon |first1=Jacques |last2=Dubois |first2=Jean-Pierre |last3=Wegg |first3=John |title=French Post-War Transport Aircraft |date=1980 |publisher=Air-Britain |location=Tonbridge, UK |isbn=0-85130-078-2|name-list-style=amp}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Cortet|first1=Pierre|title=Courrier des Lecteurs|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=July 2000 |issue=88 |page=2 |trans-title= Readers' Letters |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Cortet|first1=Pierre|title=Courrier des Lecteurs|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=August 2000 |issue=89 |pages=2–3 |trans-title= Readers' Letters |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Espérou|first1=Robert|title=Novembre 1945: Les dernières victimes d'un Focke-Wulf 190... français! |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 2001 |issue=97 |pages=24–27|trans-title=November 1945: The Last Victims of a Focke-Wulf 190 Were French!|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite book |title=The World's Fighting Planes |last1=Green |first1=William |last2=Pollinger |first2=Gerald |year=1954 |publisher=McDonald |location=London }}
- {{cite journal |last1=Lucchini|first1=Carlo|title=Le meeting saharien de 1938 |journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=April 1999 |issue=73 |pages=53–57 |trans-title=The 1938 Sahara Air Meeting|language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Mihaly|first1=Edouard|title=Courrier des Lecteurs|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=May 2000 |issue=86 |page=2 |trans-title= Readers' Letters |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Mihaly|first1=Edouard|title=Courrier des Lecteurs|journal=Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire |date=November 2000 |issue=92 |pages=2, 4 |trans-title= Readers' Letters |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}}
- {{cite book |last= Stroud |first=John |title= European Transport Aircraft since 1910 |year=1966|publisher= Putnam|location=London}}
- {{cite book |last= Taylor |first= Michael J. H. |title=Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation |year=1989 |publisher=Studio Editions |location=London |page=240 }}
- {{cite book |title=World Aircraft Information Files |publisher=Bright Star Publishing|location=London |pages=File 891 Sheet 15 }}
{{Caudron aircraft}}
{{RLM aircraft designations}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Caudron C.440 Goeland}}
Category:1930s French civil utility aircraft
Category:Aircraft first flown in 1934
Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Category:Aircraft with retractable conventional landing gear