Cefpodoxime
{{Short description|Antibiotic}}
{{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 414053518
| image = Cefpodoxime.svg
| width = 200
| alt =
| tradename = Vantin, others
| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|vantin}}
| MedlinePlus = a698024
| pregnancy_AU = B1
| routes_of_administration = By mouth
| legal_AU =
| legal_CA = Rx-only
| legal_CA_comment =
| legal_UK =
| legal_US = Rx-only
| bioavailability = 50%
| protein_bound = 21% to 29%
| metabolism = Negligible. Cefpodoxime proxetil is metabolized to cefpodoxime by the liver
| elimination_half-life = 2 hours
| excretion = Kidney, unchanged
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|CAS}}
| CAS_number = 80210-62-4
| ATC_prefix = J01
| ATC_suffix = DD13
| PubChem = 6335986
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|changed|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB01416
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 4891496
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = 7R4F94TVGY
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D07650
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 3504
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1672
| synonyms = Cefpodoxime proxetil
| IUPAC_name = (6R,7R)-7-{[(2Z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyimino-acetyl]amino}-3-(methoxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
| C=15 | H=17 | N=5 | O=6 | S=2
| smiles = O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)C(=N\OC)/c3nc(sc3)N)COC)C(=O)O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C15H17N5O6S2/c1-25-3-6-4-27-13-9(12(22)20(13)10(6)14(23)24)18-11(21)8(19-26-2)7-5-28-15(16)17-7/h5,9,13H,3-4H2,1-2H3,(H2,16,17)(H,18,21)(H,23,24)/b19-8-/t9-,13-/m1/s1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = WYUSVOMTXWRGEK-HBWVYFAYSA-N
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Cefpodoxime is an oral, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic available in various generic preparations. It is active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms with notable exceptions including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides fragilis. It is typically used to treat acute otitis media, pharyngitis, sinusitis, and gonorrhea. It also finds use as oral continuation therapy when intravenous cephalosporins (such as ceftriaxone) are no longer necessary for continued treatment.
Cefpodoxime inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls. It has an oral bioavailability of approximately 50%, which is increased when taken with food. It has an elimination half-life of 2-3 hours in adults, which is prolonged in renal failure. Approved indications include community acquired pneumonia, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, and uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
It was patented in 1980 and approved for medical use in 1989.{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=495 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA495 |language=en}}
Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility and resistance
Cefpodoxime has been used to treat gonorrhoea, tonsillitis, pneumonia, and bronchitis. The following minimum inhibitory concentrations have been reported:{{cite web | title = Cefpodoxime, Free Acid Susceptibility and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Data | url = http://www.toku-e.com/Assets/MIC/Cefpodoxime%20Free%20acid.pdf }}
- Haemophilus influenzae: ≤0.03 – 1 μg/ml
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae: 0.004 – 0.06 μg/ml
- Streptococcus pyogenes: ≤0.004 – 2 μg/ml
Brand names
Zoetis markets cefpodoxime proxetil under the trade name Simplicef for veterinary use, and Finecure in India markets the drug as Cefpo.{{Cite web|url=http://www.finecurepharma.com/|title=Pharmaceuticals Manufacturer, Marketer, Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Company India|website=www.finecurepharma.com|access-date=2019-05-26}}{{cite web |title=Anti Biotics and Anti Bacterial |url=http://www.finecurepharma.com/cephalosporins.htm#cefu5 |publisher=Finecurepharmaceuticalsltd |access-date=2012-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306080133/http://www.finecurepharma.com/cephalosporins.htm#cefu5 |archive-date=2012-03-06 |url-status=dead }}
Vantin (by Pfizer){{Cite web|title = Vantin – Drugs.com|url = https://www.drugs.com/international/vantin.html|website = www.drugs.com|access-date = 2019-05-02}} in suspension or tablet form.
Toraxim (by Delta Pharma Ltd., Bangladesh)
Trucef (by Renata Limited, Bangladesh)
Tricef (by Alkaloid Skopje, North Macedonia)
Orelox (by Sanofi-Aventis){{Cite web|title = Orelox – Drugs.com|url = https://www.drugs.com/international/orelox.html|website = www.drugs.com|access-date = 2015-11-28}}
MAPDOX-CV: Combination cefpodoxime–clavulanic acid{{By whom|date=January 2025|reason=Marketer not given.}}
MONOTAX O (cefpodoxime)/MONOTAX CV (cefpodoxime–clavulanic acid) by Zydus Healthcare Ltd.
ACXIME 200/CV (by Allencia Biosciences, India)
POSTPOD-50 (cefpodoxime 50mg/5ml) by Laafon Galaxy Pharmaceuticals{{Cite web|title=Postpod dry syrup|url=https://www.laafon.com/product/postpod-dry-syrup/|access-date=2020-09-16|website=Laafon Galaxy Pharmaceuticals Company in Karnal|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101215511/https://www.laafon.com/product/postpod-dry-syrup/|url-status=dead}}
==References==
External links
- {{PubChem|6526396}} – cefpodoxime proxetil
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060325011459/https://www.pfizer.com/pfizer/download/uspi_vantin.pdf Vantin Tablets and Oral Suspension Torpod (Torrent) Full U.S. Prescribing Information] (from manufacturer's website)
- [http://www.simplicef.com/images/simplicef_pre_info.pdf Simplicef] (from manufacturer's website)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20190425082636/https://www.intaspharma.com/index.php?option=com_djcatalog2&view=itemstable&cid=3&Itemid=77 Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd. » Animal Health :: Intas - a leading global pharmaceutical formulation development, manufacturing and marketing company]
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