Central Party School

{{Short description|Political training school in Beijing, China}}

{{Infobox university

| name = Central Party School of the Communist Party of China

| native_name = 中共中央党校

| native_name_lang = zh

| image = Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (20220802121621).jpg

| image_size =

| image_alt =

| caption =

| latin_name =

| motto = {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|实事求是}} ({{transliteration|zh|Shí shì qiú shì}})

| mottoeng = "Seek truth from facts"

| established = {{start date and age|1933}}

| closed =

| type = Higher education institution
Ministerial level agency

| affiliation =

| endowment =

| budget =

| president = Chen Xi

| vice-president = Xie Chuntao (executive)

| academic_staff =

| administrative_staff =

| students = 1,300

| undergrad =

| postgrad =

| doctoral =

| other =

| address = 100 Dayouzhuang Street

| city = Haidian District, Beijing

| state =

| province =

| country = China

| coordinates = {{Wikidatacoord|Q190343|type:edu|display=inline,title}}

| campus = Urban

| former_names =

| free_label =

| free =

| colors = {{color box|red}} {{color box|yellow}}

| parent = Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party

| website = {{Official URL}}

| module = {{Infobox Chinese

|child = yes

|order = st

|s = 中共中央党校

|t = 中共中央黨校

|p = Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Dǎngxiào

|l = Chinese-Communist Central Party School

}}

The Central Party School is a higher education institution that trains Chinese Communist Party (CCP) cadres. It is located in Haidian, Beijing, close to Summer Palace and Old Summer Palace.

The current president is Chen Xi, a former member of the CCP Politburo.

History

The school was established as the CCP Central Committee's Marx School of Communism ({{zh|s=中共中央马克思共产主义学校|t=中共中央馬克思共產主義學校|p=Zhōnggòng Zhōngyāng Mǎkèsī Gòngchǎnzhǔyì Xuéxiào}}) in Ruijin, Jiangxi, in 1933. It folded when the Chinese Red Army left on the Long March and was revived once the CCP leadership had arrived and settled in Shaanxi, northwest China, in the winter of 1936. It was then renamed the Central Party School. The school was suspended in 1947 when the CCP retreated from Yan'an. It was re-opened in 1948 in a village in Pingshan County, Hebei, before being moved to Beijing after the CCP captured the city in 1949.{{cite journal |last1=Shambaugh |first1=David |author-link=David Shambaugh |date=2008 |title=Training China's Political Elite: The Party School System |journal=The China Quarterly |volume=196 |issue=3057410 |pages=827–824 |doi=10.1017/S0305741008001148 |id={{ProQuest|229490701}} |s2cid=154609177}}

In 1955, the school was re-organized so that it came directly under the jurisdiction of the CCP Central Committee.{{Cite journal |last1=Tian |first1=Gang |last2=Tsai |first2=Wen-Hsuan |date=January 1, 2021 |title=Ideological Education and Practical Training at a County Party School: Shaping Local Governance in Contemporary China |journal=The China Journal |language=en |volume=85 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.1086/711562 |s2cid=230594890 |issn=1324-9347}} The school was abolished in 1966 during the Cultural Revolution, before being restored in March 1977.{{Cite journal |last1=Doyon |first1=Jérôme |last2=Keller |first2=Franziska Barbara |date=November 2020 |title=Knowing the Wrong Cadre? Networks and Promotions in the Chinese Party-State |journal=Political Studies |language=en |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=1036–1053 |doi=10.1177/0032321719888854 |issn=0032-3217 |s2cid=214083283 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:72cda00c-74de-485f-91e6-b37bc81a5d8b |access-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-date=April 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415152027/https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:72cda00c-74de-485f-91e6-b37bc81a5d8b |url-status=live }} Since 1989, the school has been headed by the top-ranked Secretary of the Secretariat, who is concurrently a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. The day-to-day affairs of the school are in practice managed by the executive vice president, who is generally regarded to have the same ranking as a cabinet minister.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}

In 2008, a group of researchers at the school issued a blueprint for political reform, including freedom of the press. In November 2013, Liu Yunshan announced that the Central Party School would begin a training program on "General Secretary Xi Jinping's series of important remarks."{{Cite book |last1=Tsang |first1=Steve |author-link=Steve Chang |title=The Political Thought of Xi Jinping |last2=Cheung |first2=Olivia |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2024 |isbn=9780197689363}}{{Rp|pages=21–22}} Within a year, 2,300 cadres had completed the program.{{Rp|page=22}} The program was part of the effort to begin formalizing Xi Jinping Thought.{{Rp|page=21–22}}

The school is now officially referred to as the Central Party School of the Communist Party of China.{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China |url=https://en.most.gov.cn/pressroom/201705/t20170527_133176.htm#:~:text=Central%20Party%20School%20of%20the%20Communist%20Party%20of%20China |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China}}

The National Academy of Governance was merged into the Central Party School in March 2018 as part of the deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions.{{cite web |title=CPC releases plan on deepening reform of Party and state institutions |url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0322/c90000-9440252.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205013244/http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/0322/c90000-9440252.html |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=24 March 2018 |website=People's Daily}} The name of the academy was retained by the Central Party School as a one institution with two names arrangement.{{Cite web |title=中央党校（国家行政学院）举行2024年秋季学期第一批进修班毕业典礼--党建-中国共产党新闻网 |trans-title=The Central Party School (National School of Administration) held the graduation ceremony for the first batch of advanced training classes in the fall semester of 2024 |url=http://dangjian.people.com.cn/n1/2024/1028/c117092-40348302.html |access-date=2024-11-02 |website=People's Daily |language=zh}}

The Central Party School provided US$40 million to build and operate the Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Leadership School, which opened in February 2022 in Tanzania.{{Cite news |last=Allen-Ebrahimian |first=Bethany |date=August 20, 2023 |title=In Tanzania, Beijing is running a training school for authoritarianism |work=Axios |url=https://www.axios.com/chinese-communist-party-training-school-africa |access-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820173740/https://www.axios.com/chinese-communist-party-training-school-africa |url-status=live}}{{Cite web |last=Nyabiage |first=Jevans |date=2022-02-26 |title=China opens party school in Africa to teach its model to continent's officials |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3168462/china-opens-party-school-africa-teach-its-model-continents |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en |archive-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820173936/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3168462/china-opens-party-school-africa-teach-its-model-continents |url-status=live}} The school was jointly established with the support of the six ruling parties of Tanzania, South Africa, Mozambique, Angola, Namibia, and Zimbabwe.{{Cite web |last=Chan |first=Raphael |date=August 29, 2022 |title=Political Training Under the Belt and Road Initiative: A Look at the Chinese Communist Party's First Party School in Africa |url=https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/08/political-training-under-the-belt-and-road-initiative-a-look-at-the-chinese-communist-partys-first-party-school-in-africa/ |access-date=2023-08-20 |website=Foreign Policy Research Institute |language=en-US |archive-date=August 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820173754/https://www.fpri.org/article/2022/08/political-training-under-the-belt-and-road-initiative-a-look-at-the-chinese-communist-partys-first-party-school-in-africa/ |url-status=live}}

Functions

The Central Party School is responsible for training the cadres of the CCP.{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Alan P. L. |date=2009 |title=Rebirth and Secularization of the Central Party School in China. |journal=The China Journal |language=en |volume=62 |issue=62 |pages=105–125 |doi=10.1086/tcj.62.20648116 |s2cid=140813703 |id={{ProQuest|222740035}}}}{{Cite news |last1=Buckley |first1=Chris |last2=Bradsher |first2=Keith |author-link2=Keith Bradsher |date=July 4, 2021 |title='Red Cradles' Nurture China's Next Generation of Communist Leaders |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/04/world/asia/xi-china-communist-party-school.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729055028/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/04/world/asia/xi-china-communist-party-school.html |archive-date=July 29, 2022 |access-date=September 19, 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}{{Cite news |date=January 5, 2017 |title=Party Rules: China's Communist Party Goes for Quality Over Quantity |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-CJB-29703 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914070939/https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-CJB-29703 |archive-date=September 14, 2022 |access-date=September 25, 2022 |work=The Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}} It is the highest party school among a network of approximately 2,700 party schools. It provides training courses in CCP ideology, governance, and social sciences, and also provides master's and doctoral degrees in the humanities and social sciences. It trains leading cadres at the provincial-ministerial level, department-bureau level, young and middle-aged cadres and ethnic minority cadres, leaders of top state-owned enterprises and centrally managed universities, CCP county secretaries, civil servants from Hong Kong and Macau, and to cadres who specialize in ideology, propaganda and education.{{Cite web |title=Decoding Chinese Politics: Party Center |url=https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/decoding-chinese-politics?policy=party-center&group=organizations&size=rank&connection=personal |access-date=11 October 2024 |website=Asia Society}}

The Party School holds seminars on ideological and political issues, and also employs professors which provide research and consulting services to the central CCP leadership. It also leads and guides the operations, staff and basic text material of the Party Schools at the provincial and county level. The Central Party School publishes the Study Times, which provides an explanation of the relationships between the CCP Central Committee's directives and the underlying political theory and ideology.{{cite book |author1=Lau Chung-Ming |author2=Shen Jianfa |title=China Review |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1426AAAAIAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Chinese University Press |page=xxxvi |isbn=9789622019454 |access-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-date=July 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727190110/https://books.google.com/books?id=1426AAAAIAAJ |url-status=live}}{{cite book |author=Timothy R. Heath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGY3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA217 |title=China's New Governing Party Paradigm: Political Renewal and the Pursuit of National Rejuvenation |date=May 23, 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-16711-2 |page=217 |access-date=December 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303223426/https://books.google.com/books?id=iGY3DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA217 |archive-date=March 3, 2021 |url-status=live}}

Presidents

The President of the Central Party School also leads the three training centers for Party cadres; the China Executive Leadership Academy in Pudong, the China Executive Leadership Academy in Yan'an, and the China Executive Leadership Academy in Jinggangshan.