Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels

{{For|the original 1880 Palais des Beaux-Arts|Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium}}

{{Infobox venue

| name = Centre for Fine Arts

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| native_name = {{unbulleted list|{{native name|fr|Palais des Beaux-Arts}}|{{native name|nl|Paleis voor Schone Kunsten}}}}

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| image = BOZAR (DSCF7462).jpg

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| caption = Exterior of the Centre for Fine Arts building (BOZAR) in Brussels

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| address = {{lang|fr|Rue Ravenstein|italic=no}} / {{lang|nl|Ravensteinstraat|italic=no}} 23

| city = 1000 City of Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region

| country = Belgium

| coordinates = {{coord|50|50|37|N|4|21|35|E|type:landmark_region:BE|display=inline,title}}

| type = Performing arts centre

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| opened = {{start date|1929}}

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| architect = Victor Horta

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| website = {{URL|www.bozar.be/en}}

| publictransit = {{unbulleted list|{{rint|be|rail}} Brussels-Central|{{rint|brussels}} {{rint|brussels|1}} {{rint|brussels|5}} Gare Centrale/Centraal Station and Parc/Park}}

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The Centre for Fine Arts{{Cite web |date=2023-12-27 |title=Centre for Fine Arts {{!}} Bozar Brussels |url=https://www.bozar.be/en |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.bozar.be |language=en-BE}}{{Cite web |title=Centre for Fine Arts - Bozar |url=https://www.visit.brussels/en/visitors/venue-details.Centre-for-Fine-Arts-Bozar.63 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.visit.brussels |language=en}} ({{langx|fr|Palais des Beaux-Arts}}, {{IPA|fr|palɛ de boz‿aʁ|pron}}; {{langx|nl|Paleis voor Schone Kunsten}}, {{IPA|nl|paˈlɛis foːr ˈsxoːnə ˈkʏnstə(n)|pron}}) is a multi-purpose cultural venue in the Royal Quarter of Brussels, Belgium. It is often referred to as BOZAR (a homophone of Beaux-arts) in French or by its initials PSK in Dutch. This multidisciplinary space was designed to bring together a wide range of artistic events, whether music, visual arts, theatre, dance, literature, cinema or architecture.

The building housing the Centre for Fine Arts was designed by the architect Victor Horta in Art Deco style, and completed in 1929 at the instigation of the banker and patron of the arts Henry Le Bœuf. It includes exhibition and conference rooms, a cinema and a concert hall, which serves as home to the Belgian National Orchestra (BNO). It is located at 23, {{lang|fr|rue Ravenstein|italic=no}}/{{lang|nl|Ravensteinstraat|italic=no}}, between the {{ill|Hôtel Ravenstein|fr|Hôtel Ravenstein}} and the headquarters of BNP Paribas Fortis, and across the street from the {{ill|Ravenstein Gallery|fr|Galerie Ravenstein}}. This site is served by Brussels-Central railway station and Parc/Park metro station on lines 1 and 5 of the Brussels Metro.

History

=Construction (1923–1929)=

Victor Horta began designing the Centre for Fine Arts in Brussels following World War I, in a more geometric style than his previous works, similar to Art Deco. The Belgian Parliament initially denied funding for the plans.[http://www.bozar.be/webpage.php?pageid=130&lng=en Background on Horta, on bozar.be] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171315/http://www.bozar.be/webpage.php?pageid=130&lng=en |date=2 April 2015 }} {{in lang|en}} With the founding of the Société du Palais des Beaux-Arts in 1922, the project was revived. Construction started in 1923,{{sfn|Aubry|Vandenbreeden|1997}} albeit with several restrictions: the Brussels authorities supplied a very irregular area on the slope between the city's upper and the lower part, the main façade had to house shopping facilities, and the height of the building was restricted so as not to compromise the King's view of Brussels' skyline from the Royal Palace.[https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/.../2/Echo_LeLarge001.pdf Wonderful Concert Halls in Europe] Echo, Neils Le Large

File:Palais des Beaux Arts (Rue Ravenstein, 23, 1000, Brussels).jpg

The building was originally intended to be built of stone, but Horta made a new plan of reinforced concrete with a steel frame. He had intended the concrete to be left exposed in the interior, but the final appearance did not meet his expectations, and he had it covered. It took more than a decade to complete the complex, which contains a large concert hall—the Henry Le Bœuf Hall—in an unusual ovoid, or egg shape. It is accompanied by a recital room, a chamber music room, lecture rooms, and a vast gallery for temporary exhibitions. He managed to put together this array of different functions on a rather small building plot with restricted conditions using more than eight building levels with a large part situated underground.

=Contemporary (2000–present)=

Since 2002, the Belgian federal intuition has chosen the brand name BOZAR, which has eight artistic departments: BOZAR Expo, BOZAR Music, BOZAR Cinema, BOZAR Dance, BOZAR Theatre, BOZAR Literature, BOZAR Studios and BOZAR Architecture. BOZAR is home to the National Orchestra of Belgium, the {{lang|fr|Société Philharmonique}}/{{lang|nl|Philharmonische Vereniging}}, which invites the world's major orchestras and performers to appear at the Henry Le Bœuf Hall. The finals of the Queen Elisabeth Competition for classical singers and instrumentalists, one of the most challenging and prestigious competitions of the kind, are also held there. Up to ten exhibitions a year are organised at BOZAR, and have included Jeff Wall, Luc Tuymans, Frida Kahlo, Lucas Cranach, Gilbert & George, Wim Delvoye, Venetian, Flemish Masters, Keith Haring and "It's not only rock'n'roll Baby".

Directors

Robert, 7th Duke d'Ursel, President of the Centre for Fine Arts
1974–1986 Karel Geirlandt, Director-General of exhibitions of the Centre for Fine Arts{{Cite news |date=February 2, 1990 |title=Huldetentoonstelling Karel Geirlandt in galerie Campo |work=De Tijd |url=https://www.tijd.be/content/tijd/nl/mme-articles/50/50/53/5050531 |access-date=July 3, 2022}}
1998–2021: Etienne Davignon, President of the Centre for Fine Arts{{Cite web |title=Etienne Davignon quittera la présidence de Bozar |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/etienne-davignon-quittera-la-presidence-de-bozar-10644853 |access-date=2022-07-03 |website=RTBF |language=fr}}
2002–2021: Paul Dujardin, Director-General of BOZAR{{cite web|url=http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/Culture/140208_PSK_Bozar_Dujardin|title=Paul Dujardin to remain Head of Bozar|date=8 Feb 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330112745/http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/Culture/140208_PSK_Bozar_Dujardin|archivedate=2014-03-30}}
15 October 2021–29 May 2022: Sophie Lauwers, Director-General of BOZAR for a brief period of seven months{{Cite web |last=Times |first=The Brussels |title=Bozar director-general Sophie Lauwers dies aged 55 |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/235790/bozar-director-general-sophie-lauwers-dies-aged-55 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=www.brusselstimes.com |language=en}}
1 February 2023–ongoing: [https://be.linkedin.com/in/christophe-slagmuylder-6a58bb26b Christophe Slagmuylder], Director-General of BOZAR{{Cite web |date=2022-11-25 |title=Christophe Slagmuylder appointed Director General of Bozar {{!}} Bozar Brussels |url=https://www.bozar.be/en/watch-read-listen/christophe-slagmuylder-appointed-director-general-bozar |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=www.bozar.be |language=en-BE}}

Facilities

Henry Le Bœuf Hall, with seating capacity for 2,200
Chamber Music Room, with seating capacity for 476
Victor Horta Hall (Great Sculpture Hall)
Studio Recital Hall, with seating capacity for 210
Terarken Hall, a multi-purpose hall
Exhibition rooms

Gallery

File:Bozar 02.JPG|Vestibule

File:Brussel Bozar Grote zaal Henry Le Boeuf 29-01-2019.jpg|Henry Le Bœuf Hall

File:Brussels Bozar exhibition room.jpg|Exhibition hall

File:Bozar 29-01-2019 13-40-10.jpg|Interior

File:New year's event 2018 in BOZAR (14).jpg|Window

References

=Citations=

=Bibliography=

{{cite book|last1=Aubry|first1=Françoise|last2=Vandenbreeden|first2=Jos|title=Horta: Art Nouveau to Modernism|location=New York|publisher=Harry N Abrams|year=1997|isbn=978-0-8109-6333-7}}
{{cite book|last=Montens|first=Valérie|title=Le Palais des Beaux-Arts. La création d'un haut lieu de culture à Bruxelles (1928-1945)|location=Brussels|language=fr|publisher=Editions de l'université de Bruxelles|year=2000|isbn=978-2-8004-1229-0}}
{{cite book|ref={{harvid|Mardaga|1994}}|title=Le Patrimoine monumental de la Belgique: Bruxelles|volume=1C: Pentagone N-Z|location=Liège|language=fr|publisher=Pierre Mardaga|year=1994|url=https://monument.heritage.brussels/files/cities/1000/documents/03-vol-c-fr-def_k.pdf|pages=159–163}}