Centro de transferencia modal#Chapultepec
{{Infobox public transit
| name = Centro de Transferencia Modal (CETRAM)
| image = File:Logo CETRAM y Movilidad Integrada.png
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| start = {{Start date|2010|12|14}}
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| stations = 40 (Mexico City)
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| operator = Organismo Regulador de Transporte
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| key_people = Natalia Rivera Hoyos (general director){{cite web |url=https://www.ort.cdmx.gob.mx/dependencia/acerca-de |title=Acerca de |trans-title=About the Network |website=Organismo Regulador de Transporte |access-date=1 November 2021 |lang=es}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.ort.cdmx.gob.mx/|ort.cdmx.gob.mx}}
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A centro de transferencia modal (English: Modal Transfer Center; abbreviated as CETRAM), is a type of transport hub found mainly in Mexico City. Locally known as paraderos (English: bus or rail terminal stops), these intermodal passenger transport stations allow commuters to transfer between different modes of public transit, generally between rail and bus systems. In Mexico City, their operations are supervised by Organismo Regulador de Transporte (ORT). Since 14 December 2010, the hubs became part of a decentralized organization. Out of the 40 operative CETRAMs existing in the city, 33 are found adjacent to Mexico City Metro stations.{{cite web|url=https://www.ort.cdmx.gob.mx/centros-de-transferencia-modal-cetram|title=Centros de Transferencia Modal (CETRAM)|language=Es|trans-title=Modal Transfer Centers|access-date=30 October 2021|publisher=Órgano Regulador de Transporte}}
Outside the city, they are also found in Guadalajara, Jalisco (known as {{lang|es|Centro de Transferencia Multimodal}}; Multimodal Transfer Center), and in the State of Mexico, where they are known as {{lang|es|estación de tranferencia modal}} (English: Modal Transfer Station; abbreviated as ETRAM).
History
The hubs were created in 1969 to complement the Mexico City Metro system. They were originally operated by the system. Around 1970, as a result of the construction of intercity bus terminals and highways, bus stops and routes began to proliferate, thanks to the opening of new Metro stations. At the beginning of 1980, with the increase in the demand for transportation, the proliferation of peseros –share taxis– began to proliferate. In 1983, the General Coordination of Transportation was created. In 1993, the control of the bus stops remained in the hands of the political delegations, but the following year the control passed to the General Coordination of Transportation.{{cite magazine|url=https://mexico.itdp.org/wp-content/uploads/Megacentralidades_final.pdf|title=Propuesta de integación de los Cetram al desarollo urbano de la Ciudad de México|language=es|first=Sol|last=Camacho Dávalos|date=April 2014|location=Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City|isbn=978-607-8288-08-3|magazine=Instituto de Políticas para el Transporte y el Desarrollo}} In 1995, it was renamed the Secretariat of Transportation and Roads (SETRAVI) (and later was renamed the Secretariat of Mobility or SEMOVI). SETRAVI was created as a result of the economic crisis of that year. Due to the dissolution of the state-owned company Autotransportes Urbanos de Pasajeros Ruta 100 (colloquially known as {{ill|Ruta 100|es|Ruta 100}}), it was decided to grant the transportation concession to private companies, thus decreeing a Transportation Law. Between 1996 and 2002, the control of the CETRAMs changes from one agency to another within SETRAVI, until it ends up being administered by the General Directorate of Transportation Regulation. By 14 December 2010, the CETRAMs were decentralized and their operations were transferred to the Organismo Regulador de Transporte (ORT).{{cite web|url=https://www.transparencia.cdmx.gob.mx/storage/app/uploads/public/5f2/9ae/501/5f29ae50147d0527230748.pdf|title=Coordinación de los Centros de Tranferencia Modal del Distrito Federal|date=6 February 2014|work=Gaceta Oficial del Distrito Federal|access-date=22 April 2022|language=es}}
Since its decentralization, multiple CETRAMs have been renovated, including those at Cuatro Caminos and Ciudad Azteca stations,{{cite web|url=https://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/ciudad-metropoli/2014/impreso/ven-retrasos-en-obras-del-cetram-cuatro-caminos-126577.html|title=Ven retrasos en obras del Cetram Cuatro Caminos|first=Rebeca|last=Jiménez|work=El Universal|date=30 September 2014|access-date=22 April 2022|language=es}}{{cite web|url=https://www.archdaily.mx/mx/626341/estacion-de-transferencia-multimodal-azteca-cc-arquitectos|title=Estación de transferencia Multimodal Azteca / Manuel Cervantes Estudio|work=ArchDaily|date=21 January 2010 |language=es|access-date=22 April 2022}} or are under renovations, including at Indios Verdes, San Lázaro and Martín Carrera stations.{{cite web|url=https://www.chilango.com/noticias/obras-remodelacion-del-cetram-indios-verdes/|title=Así será la remodelación del Cetram Indios Verdes|work=Chilango|date=2 July 2020|access-date=22 April 2022|language=es}}{{cite web|url=https://obras.expansion.mx/infraestructura/2022/03/02/remodelacion-de-la-cetram-san-lazaro-comenzo|title=La remodelación de la Cetram San Lázaro comenzó|date=2 March 2022|work=Expansión|access-date=22 April 2022|language=es}}{{cite web|url=https://www.excelsior.com.mx/comunidad/2017/05/22/1165070|title=Detallan construcción de Cetram Martín Carrera|language=es|date=22 May 2017|work=Excélsior|access-date=22 April 2022|first=Arturo|last=Páramo}}
List of modal transfer centers
Gallery
File:Metro Buenavista 02.JPG|CETRAM Buenavista
File:Estacio El Rosario 04.jpg|CETRAM El Rosario
File:Metro Indios Verdes 02.JPG|CETRAM Indios Verdes
File:Estacion La Raza 03.jpg|CETRAM La Raza
File:MetroPantitlanTerminalLAandL9 (2).JPG|CETRAM Pantitlán
File:Metro San Lazaro 07.JPG|CETRAM San Lázaro
File:Metro Santa Marta 05.JPG|CETRAM Santa Marta
File:Metro Tasqueña 04.JPG|CETRAM Tasqueña
File:Metro Universidad 17.jpg|CETRAM Universidad
File:Metro Zapata 08.jpg|CETRAM Zapata
File:CETRAM Cuautitlán (48555434662 b20c53367a o).jpg|ETRAM Cuautitlán
File:Estación San Rafael - Terminal.JPG|ETRAM San Rafael
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
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External links
{{commons category|CETRAM}}
- {{Official|https://www.ort.cdmx.gob.mx/}}
{{Mexico City transport network}}
{{authority control}}