Cerro Macá

{{Short description|Mountain in Chile}}

{{Infobox mountain

| name = Cerro Macá

| photo = Volcan Maca.jpg

| photo_caption =

| elevation_m = 2300

| elevation_ref = The elevation given here is from SRTM data and independently confirmed by ASTER GDEM. Elevations around 3,000 m given by other authorities should be discounted. The contours around the summit are missing from official Chilean topographic mapping.[http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/andes3.html "Argentina and Chile, Southern: Patagonia Ultra-Prominences"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409044359/http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/andes3.html |date=2015-04-09 }} Peaklist.org. Listed as "Volcán Maca". Maca is a smooth volcanic cone, and SRTM indicates a summit elevation of 2300m ± 20m. This is supported by Biggar in "The Andes". Cited elevations of 2960-3079m are based on gross exaggeration.[http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/andes3.html#FOotnotes Note 9] Retrieved 2012-04-16.

| prominence_m = 2066

| prominence_ref =

| listing = Ultra

| map = Chile

| map_caption = Location of Cerro Maca

| map_size = 200

| label_position =

| location = Chile

| range = Andes

| coordinates = {{coord|45|06|21|S|73|10|09|W|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

| coordinates_ref =

| type = Stratovolcano

| age =

| last_eruption = 1560 ± 110 years{{cite gvp|vn=358056|vtab=Eruptions|title=Macá|access-date=2021-05-03}}

| first_ascent =

| easiest_route =

}}

Cerro Macá is a stratovolcano located to the north of the Aisén Fjord and to the east of the Moraleda Channel, in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region of Chile. This glacier-covered volcano lies along the regional Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault Zone.{{cite book|author1=Finnische Expedition nach Patagonien|author2=Väinö Auer|title=Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Finnischen Expedition nach Patagonien 1937-38|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5AIAAAAMAAJ|year=1941|page=79|language=de}}

Cerro Macá is a relatively small volcano with a volume of only {{convert|39|km3}}.{{cite journal |last1=Weller |first1=Derek J. |last2=Porras |first2=De |last3=Eugenia |first3=María |last4=Maldonado |first4=Antonio |last5=Méndez |first5=César |last6=Stern |first6=Charles R. |last7=Weller |first7=Derek J. |last8=Porras |first8=De |last9=Eugenia |first9=María |last10=Maldonado |first10=Antonio |last11=Méndez |first11=César |last12=Stern |first12=Charles R. |title=Tefrocronología holocena del curso inferior del valle de río Cisnes, Chile austral |journal=Andean Geology |date=2017 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=229–248 |doi=10.5027/andgeov44n3-a01 |url=https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-71062017000300229&script=sci_arttext |issn=0718-7106|doi-access=free }} It has a summit elevation of approximately 2,300 m above sea level and features glaciers{{cite journal |last1=Masiokas |first1=Mariano H. |last2=Rivera |first2=Andrés |last3=Espizua |first3=Lydia E. |last4=Villalba |first4=Ricardo |last5=Delgado |first5=Silvia |last6=Aravena |first6=Juan Carlos |title=Glacier fluctuations in extratropical South America during the past 1000years |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |date=October 2009 |volume=281 |issue=3–4 |pages=242–268 |doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.08.006 |bibcode=2009PPP...281..242M |language=en |issn=0031-0182|hdl=10533/130935 |hdl-access=free }} that in 2011 covered an area of {{convert|27.62|km2}}.{{cite journal |last1=Rivera |first1=Andrés |last2=Bown |first2=Francisca |title=Recent glacier variations on active ice capped volcanoes in the Southern Volcanic Zone (37°–46°S), Chilean Andes |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |date=August 2013 |volume=45 |pages=345–356 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2013.02.004 |bibcode=2013JSAES..45..345R |language=en |issn=0895-9811|hdl=10533/130506 |hdl-access=free }} The edifice is partially eroded{{cite journal |last1=Naranjo |first1=José A. |last2=Stern |first2=Charles R. |title=Holocene tephrochronology of the southernmost part (42°30'-45°S) of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone |journal=Revista Geológica de Chile |date=December 2004 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=224–240 |doi=10.4067/S0716-02082004000200003 |issn=0716-0208|doi-access=free }} and a sector collapse is probably the origin of a large steep sided depression in the summit area.{{cite journal |last1=D'Orazio |first1=M |last2=Innocenti |first2=F |last3=Manetti |first3=P |last4=Tamponi |first4=M |last5=Tonarini |first5=S |last6=González-Ferrán |first6=O |last7=Lahsen |first7=A |last8=Omarini |first8=R |title=The Quaternary calc-alkaline volcanism of the Patagonian Andes close to the Chile triple junction: geochemistry and petrogenesis of volcanic rocks from the Cay and Maca volcanoes (~45°S, Chile) |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |date=August 2003 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=219–242 |doi=10.1016/S0895-9811(03)00063-4 |bibcode=2003JSAES..16..219D |language=en |issn=0895-9811}} Pyroclastic cones with associated lava flows are found on its southwestern flank{{cite journal |last1=Naranjo |first1=José Antonio |last2=Arenas |first2=Manuel |last3=Clavero |first3=Jorge |last4=Muñoz |first4=Oscar |title=Mass movement-induced tsunamis: main effects during the Patagonian Fjordland seismic crisis in Aisén (45°25'S), Chile |journal=Andean Geology |date=2009 |volume=36 |issue=1 |url=http://www.redalyc.org/html/1739/173914379011/ |issn=0718-7092}} but also on the other slopes of the volcano, as far down as sea level and in the Bahia Aysen.

The volcano is part of the southernmost Southern Volcanic Zone of Chile, where volcanism is caused by the subduction of the Nazca Plate. Other volcanoes in the area are Melimoyu, Mentolat, Cay and Cerro Hudson. Macá specifically is formed by basalt and basaltic andesite.

1,440 ± 40 calibrated radiocarbon years ago a moderate explosive eruption deposited the MAC1 tephra, which reaches thicknesses of {{convert|10|-|15|cm}} {{convert|70|km}} east of Macá. Ash from past eruptions has been tentatively identified close to Cochrane Lake.{{cite journal |last1=Villa-Martínez |first1=Rodrigo |last2=Moreno |first2=Patricio I. |last3=Valenzuela |first3=Marcela A. |title=Deglacial and postglacial vegetation changes on the eastern slopes of the central Patagonian Andes (47°S) |journal=Quaternary Science Reviews |date=January 2012 |volume=32 |pages=86–99 |doi=10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.11.008 |bibcode=2012QSRv...32...86V |language=en |issn=0277-3791|hdl=10533/131333 |hdl-access=free }} A more recent eruption occurred from the Bahía Pérez cinder cone on the southwestern flank in 1560 ± 110 years.

In the early 20th century volcanic activity was observed at Ensenada Pérez, close to the southwestern flank of Macá.