Cesar Chelor

{{Short description|African-American woodworker (c. 1720–1784)}}

Cesar Chelor (born in Wrentham, Massachusetts){{Cite web|title=17 May 1989, Page 36 - The Orlando Sentinel|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/229933308/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Orlando Sentinel|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503150301/http://www.newspapers.com/image/229933308/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}{{Cite web|date=1989-05-25|title=25 May 1989 entry|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/162825002/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Journal News|location=White Plains, New York|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503152402/http://www.newspapers.com/image/162825002/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }} was an African-American woodworker, toolmaker, plane-maker and was enslaved by the colonial entrepreneur and the earliest documented American plane maker{{Cite web|title=Chelor|url=http://antiquetools.com/chelor/index.html|access-date=2021-06-10|website=antiquetools.com}} Francis Nicholson (1683–1753).{{Cite web|date=1993-12-26|title=26 Dec 1993, 37 - The Boston Globe|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/440613984/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=2|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Boston Globe|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503150256/http://www.newspapers.com/image/440613984/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=2 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}{{Cite web|title=18 Oct 1978, p. 22 - The Baltimore Sun|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/373415309/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=3|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Baltimore Sun|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503150257/http://www.newspapers.com/image/373415309/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=3 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}{{Cite web|title=16 Jul 1982, p. 27 - Bennington Banner|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/546039431/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Bennington Banner|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503152132/http://www.newspapers.com/image/546039431/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}{{Cite web|title=18 Jan 1997, 24 - The World at Newspapers.com|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/338416771/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The World|location=Coos Bay, Oregon|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503152132/http://www.newspapers.com/image/338416771/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }} Chelor is the earliest documented African-American plane maker in North America.{{Cite web|date=2001-02-04|title=Cesar Chelor- Earliest documented African-American plane maker of North America|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/692285927/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Lexington Herald-Leader|location=Lexington, Kentucky|page=17|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503150257/http://www.newspapers.com/image/692285927/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}{{Cite web|date=2017-02-04|title=Acquisitions at Williamsburg Highlight African American Experiences|url=https://enfilade18thc.com/2017/02/04/new-acquisitions-at-williamsburg-related-to-african-american-experiences/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Enfilade|language=en}}{{Cite web|date=2016-09-07|title=Tools of the Trade|url=https://suiter.com/tools-of-the-trade/|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Suiter Swantz IP|language=en-US}}

Background

Chelor's exact birthdate is unknown; however, he is thought to have been born in about 1720.{{Cite web|title=4 Feb 2001, 17|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/692285927/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-03|website=Lexington Herald-Leader|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503150257/http://www.newspapers.com/image/692285927/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }} He was owned by Nicholson as early as 1736. In 1741, Chelor was admitted to the Congregational Church in Wrentham Center when he was supposedly 21. Chelor would become a freeman when Nicholson died in 1753.{{Cite web|title=30 Sep 1985, 28 - The Post-Star|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/347099537/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=3|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Post-Star|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503152130/http://www.newspapers.com/image/347099537/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=3 |archive-date=2021-05-03 }}{{Cite web|title=15 May 1989, p. 8 - The Newark Advocate|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/287560098/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|website=The Newark Advocate|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504155050/http://www.newspapers.com/image/287560098/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1 |archive-date=2021-05-04 }} Along with freedom, Nicholson willed Chelor a workshop, 10 acres of land, tools and materials to continue independently.

Chelor was married to Juda Russell in 1758, with whom he had shared eight{{Efn|According to some sources, he had nine children, six of whom he buried himself before he died in 1784.{{Cite web|title=26 Dec 1993, 37 - The Boston Globe at Newspapers.com|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/440613984/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|access-date=2021-06-03|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}}} children.

In 1784, Chelor died without a will with an estate inventory valued at 77 pounds 2 shillings.{{Cite web|date=2006-07-08|title=The Planes of Cesar Chelor|url=https://www.antiquetools.com/chelor/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060708121836/https://www.antiquetools.com/chelor/index.html|archive-date=2006-07-08}}{{Cite web|title=26 Dec 1993, 37 - The Boston Globe at Newspapers.com|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/440613984/?terms=Cesar%20Chelor&match=1|access-date=2021-06-03|website=Newspapers.com|language=en}}

References

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= Notes =