Chang'e 5-T1#Third stage disposal

File:2020年12月18日_研制团队成员讲述嫦娥五号23天旅程.webm

It consisted of a DFH-3A "Chang'e 2 type" spacecraft with a mass of approximately 2,215 kg (including 1,065 kg of fuel){{cite web|title=Chang'e 5 Test Mission Updates|url=http://www.spaceflight101.com/change-5-test-mission-updates.html|website=Spaceflight 101|access-date=8 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104208/http://www.spaceflight101.com/change-5-test-mission-updates.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}} carrying the Chang'e 5 return capsule with a mass of under 335 kg.{{cite web|title=Chang'e 5-T1|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-065A|website=NSSDCA|access-date=8 December 2018}} The craft was launched by a Long March 3C rocket into a lunar free return trajectory. It looped behind the Moon and returned to Earth, with the return capsule testing the high speed atmospheric skip reentry.

The DFH-3A "service module" remained in orbit around the Earth before being relocated via Earth-Moon L₂ to lunar Lissajous orbit by 13 January 2015, where it will use its remaining 800 kg of fuel to test maneuvers key to future lunar missions.{{cite web|title=Chang'e 5 Test Mission Updates|url=http://www.spaceflight101.com/change-5-test-mission-updates.html|website=Spaceflight 101|access-date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104208/http://www.spaceflight101.com/change-5-test-mission-updates.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}

In February and March 2015, the DFH-3A "service module" performed two "virtual target" rendezvous tests for the future Chang'e 5 mission. In April 2015, the small monitoring camera was used to obtain higher resolution photos of Chang'e 5's landing zone.

• Launch: Xichang Satellite Launch Center, 23 October 2014, 18:00 UTC
• Nominal mission duration: Chang'e 5 return capsule: 196 hours (8.17 days)
• Nominal mission duration: DFH-3A: Ongoing
• Lunar fly-by: 97 hours after final orbit insertion (4.04 days)
• Periselenium: ≈13,000 km from Moon surface
• Distance of Moon from Earth at closest fly-by: ≈373,000 km{{cite web|url=http://moon.luxspace.lu/the-mission/|title=The mission|publisher=LuxSpace|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913012839/http://moon.luxspace.lu/the-mission/|archive-date=13 September 2014|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://amsat.org/pipermail/amsat-bb/2014-October/050932.html|title=ANS-278 AMSAT News Service Weekly Bulletins|publisher=AMSAT News Service|date=5 October 2014|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-date=21 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021153108/http://amsat.org/pipermail/amsat-bb/2014-October/050932.html|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.022net.com/2014/8-27/512050372945332.html|title=天津航天爱好者谈嫦娥五号飞行试验器|access-date=26 October 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019110119/http://www.022net.com/2014/8-27/512050372945332.html|archive-date=19 October 2014}}
• Landing: Siziwang Banner, Inner Mongolia, 31 October 2014, 22:42 UTC

In January 2015, the service module transitioned to lunar orbit, orbiting at 200x5300 km. It was still active in early 2018 and was last heard by amateur radio-astronomers in late 2020.{{Cite tweet|author=Scott Tilley|user=coastal8049|title=CE5T1 coming in loud and clear now as Moon clears the trees. Sidebands present. Made a change over timing to allow for accurate tracking moving forward.|number=1331037453889671168}}

File:Hertzsprung (LRO).png. The impact position for the booster was estimated at latitude 5.18 N, longitude 233.55 E.]]

File:Animation of WE0913A's orbit around Earth.gif

The Long March 3C third stage booster, left in orbit between the Earth and the Moon, was predicted to hit, and did hit, the Moon on March 4, 2022, impacting near the Hertzsprung crater.{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/02/actually-a-falcon-9-rocket-is-not-going-to-hit-the-moon/| title=Astronomers now say the rocket about to strike the Moon is not a Falcon 9 |author=Eric Berger |author-link=Eric Berger (meteorologist) |website=Ars Technica |date=February 13, 2022}}{{Cite web|title=Pseudo-MPEC for 2014-065B = NORAD 40284 = Chang'e 5-T1 booster = lunar impactor on 2022 Mar 04|url=https://projectpluto.com/temp/dscovr.htm|access-date=2022-02-13|website=projectpluto.com}} Independent spectral analysis from the University of Arizona confirmed its Chinese origin.{{Cite web|date=2022-02-15|title=UArizona students confirm errant rocket's Chinese origin, track lunar collision course|url=https://news.arizona.edu/story/uarizona-students-confirm-errant-rockets-chinese-origin-track-lunar-collision-course|access-date=2022-02-16|website=University of Arizona News|language=en}} NASA has published a note on the event. China's foreign ministry has denied this identification, stating that the booster had already burned up in the Earth's atmosphere (albeit referring to the later Chang'e 5 mission in his answer).{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2022-02-21 |title=China claims rocket stage destined for lunar impact is not from its 2014 moon mission |url=https://spacenews.com/china-claims-rocket-stage-destined-for-lunar-impact-is-not-from-its-2014-moon-mission/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US |quote=An element of possible confusion remains over which mission Wang referred to on Monday in response to the question about the impending lunar impact from the Associated Press. Both Chinese and English transcripts and Chinese language video of the press conference refer to the “Chang’e-5 mission,” rather than the Chang’e-5 T1 mission specifically.}}{{Cite web |title=NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2014-065A |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov |quote=The booster used to launch Chang'e 5-T1 went into a highly elliptical Earth orbit after launch. Some calculations show it is on a trajectory to impact the far side of the Moon on March 4, 2022, although China's foreign ministry denied this identification, stating that the booster had already burned up in the Earth's atmosphere. Estimated time of impact for the object is 12:26 UT (7:26 a.m. EST), estimated position at latitude 5.18 N, longitude 233.55 E.}} The US Space Command confirmed the third stage never reentered in Earth's atmosphere,{{Cite web |date=2022-03-02 |title=Moon impact: Chinese rocket stage still in space says U.S. Space Command |url=https://spacenews.com/moon-impact-chinese-rocket-stage-still-in-space-says-u-s-space-command/ |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}} and a compatible item is now present on the Space-Track catalogue as object 85900.{{Cite web |title=Jonathan McDowell "In tonight's Space-Track TLEs, analyst object 85900 appears to be the Moon-bound rocket, tracked in a 45785 x 686954 km x 37.0 deg orbit" |url=https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1497459706029350915 |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=Twitter |language=en}} The impactor object was previously misidentified as 2015-007B, the second stage of the Falcon 9 rocket which launched NASA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft, but was later correctly identified as the Long March stage in February 2022. The event showed the challenges of tracking small objects in deep space, underlining the importance of sustainability in space operations going forward.{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=2022-02-21 |title=China claims rocket stage destined for lunar impact is not from its 2014 moon mission |url=https://spacenews.com/china-claims-rocket-stage-destined-for-lunar-impact-is-not-from-its-2014-moon-mission/ |access-date=2023-03-21 |website=SpaceNews |language=en-US}}

In June 2022, a compatible double crater was found by the LROC team at the same location previously estimated,{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=Mark |title=Mystery Rocket Body Found! |url=https://www.lroc.asu.edu/posts/1261 |website=Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera |publisher=Arizona State University |access-date=24 October 2022 |date=23 June 2022}} and later by Chandrayaan-2 OHRC.{{Cite tweet |title=Chandraayan2's OHRC has also captured images of the unknown spacecraft impact site (The suspected Chinese rocket crashed into the #Moon on March 4th, 2022).

|number=1623746378823512064|user=Ramanean |date=February 9, 2023|access-date=2023-03-21 |website=Twitter |language=en}}

{{Further|Manfred Memorial Moon Mission}}

Chang'e 5-T1 also carried the first commercial payload to the Moon{{cite web| url=http://spaceflightnow.com/2014/10/25/first-commercial-mission-to-the-moon-launched-from-china/ |title=First commercial mission to the moon launched from China| publisher=Spaceflight Now| date=25 October 2014 |access-date=24 July 2015}} called the 4M mission (Manfred Memorial Moon Mission) for the German space technology company OHB System, in honor of the company's founder, Manfred Fuchs, who died in 2014. Technical management of the 4M mission was performed by LuxSpace. The payload weighs 14 kilograms and contains two scientific instruments. The first instrument is a radio beacon to test a new approach for locating spacecraft. Amateur radio operators were encouraged via prize incentives to receive the transmissions and send the results back to LuxSpace.{{cite web|url=http://moon.luxspace.lu/contest/|title=4M Reception Contest|publisher=LuxSpace|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024055256/http://moon.luxspace.lu/contest/|archive-date=24 October 2014|url-status=dead}} The second instrument, a radiation dosimeter provided by the Spanish company iC-Málaga, continuously measured radiation levels throughout the satellite's circumlunar path.{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/27422-china-moon-mission-launch-october.html|title=China Readies Moon Mission for Launch Next Week|publisher=Space.com|date=14 October 2014}}{{cite web|url=http://www.space.com/27503-china-moon-mission-launch-thursday.html|title=China Poised to Launch Next Moon Mission on Thursday|publisher=Space.com|date=22 October 2014}}

The spacecraft also carries a radiation exposure experiment with bacteria and plants.{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/change-5-t1.htm |title=Chang'e 5-T1 (CE 5-T1) |work=Gunter's Space Page |date=23 October 2014 |access-date=23 October 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Aron |first=Jacob |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26420-china-set-to-launch-probe-on-round-trip-to-the-moon.html#.VE8MVmd0wUo |title=China set to launch probe on round trip to the moon |work=New Scientist |date= 20 October 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014 }}{{cite news |last=Barbosa |first=Rui C. |title=China launches lunar sample return test mission |work=NASA Space Flight |date=23 October 2014 }}

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{{reflist|30em}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140913012832/http://moon.luxspace.lu/ Manfred Memorial Moon Mission (4M)] – Official website for secondary payload at Chang'e 5-T1
• [http://pocketspacecraft.com/ Pocket Spacecraft – Space exploration for everyone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142213/http://pocketspacecraft.com/ |date=14 February 2018 }} – Official website for another secondary payload at Chang'e 5-T1

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