Charaxes hansali

Ch. hansali Fldr. closely approaches Charaxes pelias in the markings, but has a broad light yellow discal band extending to the inner margin of the hindwing and the basal part of the upper surface is darker black-brown; the distal yellow spots in cellules 3—7 of the forewing are small and completely separated from the band; the yellow spots at the distal margin of the hindwing are streak-like and completely separated from the distal margin by the thick black marginal line; the tails are longer than in pelias ; the light-bordered spots in the basal part of the under surface have grey centres, as in pelias. Abyssinia and the adjacent parts of

Somaliland. — baringana Rothsch. only differs from the type-form in the narrower discal band of the upper surface and the free red-brown spots at the distal side of the median band on the hindwing beneath. At Lake Baringo in British East Africa.Aurivillius, [P.O.]C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln

(The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13).Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.{{PD-notice}}

The habitat consists of arid savanna.

The larvae feed on Salvadora persica, Osyris lanceolata, Colpoon compressum;[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/charaxinae/charaxes/index.html (Nigel Venters, at Markku Savela: Lepidoptera and some other life forms)] and Dobera glabra.Notes on the biology of hansali are provided by

Larsen (1991) The Butterflies of Kenya and their Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford: i-xxii, 1-490.

• C. h. hansali (northern, eastern and south-eastern Ethiopia, Somalia: north to the Wagga Mountains)
• C. h. arabica Riley, 1931 Riley, N.D. 1931. Two new Charaxes from southern Arabia. Entomologist 64: 279-280. (Oman)
• C. h. baringana Rothschild, 1905Rothschild, W. 1905. Some undescribed Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 12: 78-79. (Tanzania: southern shores of Lake Victoria, eastern Rwanda, Kenya, northern Uganda, southern Sudan, southern Ethiopia)
• C. h. kulalae van Someren, 1975 van Someren, V.G.L. 1975. Revisional notes on African Charaxes, Palla and Euxanthe

(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part X. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Entomology) 32 (3): 65-136. (Kenya: Mount Kulal, Ethiopia: south to Nighelli)

• C. h. {{not a typo|yemeni}} Turlin, 1998 Turlin, B. 1998 [New African Charaxinae (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae).] Lambillionea 98 (2) (Tome I): 181-189. (Yemen)

Historical attempts to assemble a cluster of presumably related species into a "Charaxes jasius Group" have not been wholly convincing. More recent taxonomic revision,{{Cite book|title=Butterflies of the World: Charaxes 1|last=Turlin|first=B.|publisher=Goecke & Evers|year=2005|isbn=3937783156|location=Keltern|pages=2–3|editor-last=Bauer & Frankenbach|volume=22}} corroborated by phylogenetic research, allow a more rational grouping congruent with cladistic relationships. Within a well-populated clade of 27 related species sharing a common ancestor approximately 16 mya during the Miocene, 26 are now considered together as The jasius Group. One of the two lineages forms a robust clade of seven species sharing a common ancestor approximately 2-3 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene,[http://www.nymphalidae.net/Aduse-Pokuetal2009.pdf/ "Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725181224/http://www.nymphalidae.net/Aduse-Pokuetal2009.pdf |date=2019-07-25 }}. Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478 and are considered as the jasius subgroup.

The jasius Group (26 Species)

Clade 1: jasius subgroup (7 species):

• Charaxes jasius
• Charaxes epijasius [stat.rev.2005]
• Charaxes legeri
• Charaxes saturnus [stat.rev.2005]
• Charaxes pelias
• Charaxes castor
• Charaxes hansali

Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group, called the brutus, pollux, and eudoxus subgroups. Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing Charaxes taxa is required to improve clarity.

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• Victor Gurney Logan Van Someren, 1971 Revisional notes on African Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Part VII. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology)181-226.[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19576#page/239/mode/1up]

[these links are non-functional since migration to BOLD-4. Update required]

• [http://www.barcodinglife.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=99617 Charaxes hanseli hanseli images] at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
• [http://www.barcodinglife.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=99618 Charaxes hansali baringana images] at BOLD
• [http://www.barcodinglife.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=192847 Charaxes hansali {{not a typo|yemeni}} images] at BOLD verso

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Category:Butterflies described in 1867

hansali

Category:Butterflies of Africa

Category:Taxa named by Cajetan von Felder

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