Charles-François Daubigny

Daubigny was born in Paris, into a family of painters; taught art by his father, {{ill|Edmé-François Daubigny|fr}}, and his uncle, miniaturist Pierre Daubigny (1793-1858). He was also a pupil of Jean-Victor Bertin, Jacques Raymond Brascassat and Paul Delaroche, from whom he would quickly emancipate himself. Though best known for his painted landscapes, Daubigny survived for many years as a graphic artist, illustrating books, magazines and travel guides for publication.{{Cite web |last=Newhouse |first=Jill |date=January 2015 |title=Charles F. Daubigny: Drawings for Le Voyage en Bateau |url=http://www.jillnewhouse.com/catalogues/daubigny-drawings-for-voyage-en-bateau |website=Jill Newhouse Gallery}}

In 1838, he set up, at the Rue des Amandiers-Popincourt, a community of artists, a phalanstery, with Adolphe-Victor Geoffroy-Dechaume, Hippolyte Lavoignat, Ernest Meissonnier, Auguste Steinheil, Louis Joseph Trimolet, with whom he already had expressed his interest in subjects drawn directly from daily life and nature. These artists will work, among others, for the publisher Léon Curmer, who was specialized in books illustrated with vignettes. From this period date the first confirmed engravings by Daubigny.

Initially Daubigny painted in a more traditional style, but this changed after 1843 when he settled in Barbizon to work outside in nature. Even more important was his meeting with Camille Corot in 1852 in Optevoz (Isère). On his famous boat Botin, which he had turned into a studio, he painted along the Seine and Oise, often in the region around Auvers. From 1852 onward, he was influenced by Gustave Courbet. The two artists were from the same generation and were driven by the realist movement: during a joint stay, each composed a series of views of Optevoz.

In 1848, Daubigny worked on behalf of the Chalcographie du Louvre, performing facsimiles, which testifies to his great expertise in this art, and revisiting the technique of aquatint in a less cumbersome process. His famous series of Rolling Carts dates from this period. In 1862, with Corot, he experimented with the cliché-verre technique, halfway between photography and printmaking.

In 1866, he joined the jury of the Paris Salon for the first time, alongside his friend Corot. The same year, Daubigny visited England, eventually returning because of the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870. In London he met Claude Monet, and they left for the Netherlands together. Back in Auvers, he met Paul Cézanne, another important Impressionist. It is assumed that these younger impressionist painters were influenced by Daubigny.

Daubigny died in Paris in 1878. His remains are interred at cimetière du Père-Lachaise (division 24).

His followers and pupils included his son {{ill|Karl Daubigny|fr|lt=Karl}} (whose works are occasionally mistaken for those of his father), {{ill|Achille Oudinot|fr}}, Hippolyte Camille Delpy, Albert Charpin and Pierre Emmanuel Damoye. The two painters who introduced the Barbizon School in Portugal, in 1879, António da Silva Porto and João Marques de Oliveira, were also his disciples.José-Augusto França, A Arte em Portugal no Século XIX, Lisbon, Bertrand Editora, 3rd edition, 1990, volume 2 (Portuguese)

File:Charles-François Daubigny - Le printemps - Google Art Project.jpg

The most striking paintings by Daubigny were those produced between 1864 and 1874, which depict mostly forest landscapes and lakes. Disappointed because he felt that he did not meet with the same level of success and admiration as his contemporaries, by the end of his career he was nonetheless an extremely sought-after and appreciated artist. The motifs of his paintings, sometimes tending towards repetitiveness and often playing on the horizontality of the landscape underlined by a backlight effect, would be taken up and accentuated by Hippolyte Camille Delpy, his most influenced student.

His most ambitious canvases include Springtime (1857), in the Louvre; Borde de la Cure, Morvan (1864); Villerville sur Mer (1864); Moonlight (1865); Auvers-sur-Oise (1868); and Return of the Flock (1878). He was named by the French government as an Officer of the Legion of Honor.The Iconographic Encyclopaedia of the Arts and Scien: Sculpture and painting, 1887, page 138

The life of Daubigny was adapted into a graphic novel by Belgian comics writer Bruno de Roover and artist Luc Cromheecke. It appeared under the title De Tuin van Daubigny (The Garden of Daubigny, 2016).{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/d/de-roover_bruno.htm|title = Bruno de Roover}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/c/cromheecke.htm|title=Luc Cromheecke}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.volkskrant.nl/cultuur-media/cromheecke-voelt-sympathie-voelt-voor-pretentieloosheid-van-daubigny~b2f79055/|title = Cromheecke voelt sympathie voelt voor pretentieloosheid van Daubigny|date = 10 December 2016}}

Among the public collections holding works by Charles-François Daubigny are:

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• The Art Institute of Chicago[https://www.artic.edu/collection?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny The Art Institute of Chicago]
• Cincinnati Art Museum[https://www.cincinnatiartmuseum.org/art/explore-the-collection?id=18360668 Cincinnati Art Museum]
• The Frick Collection, New York[https://collections.frick.org/people/75/charlesfrancois-daubigny The Frick Collection]
• The Hermitage, Saint Petersburg[https://www.artic.edu/collection?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny The Hermitage]
• [http://www.demesdagcollectie.nl/en/search/collection Mesdag Collectie], The Hague[https://www.demesdagcollectie.nl/en/search/collection?q=&artist=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny Mesdag Collection]
• The Israel Museum, Jerusalem[https://www.imj.org.il/en/collections/191788-0 The Israel Museum]
• Kunstmuseum Den Haag, The Hague[https://www.kunstmuseum.nl/en/collection/farm-kerity-brittany Kunstmuseum Den Haag]
• Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York[https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois+Daubigny Metropolitan Museum of Art]
• Montreal Museum of Fine ArtsNathalie Bondil, The Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. 150th anniversary guide, Montréal, Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal, 2013, p. 168
• Musée du Louvre, Paris[https://collections.louvre.fr/recherche?q=daubigny%20charles-fran%C3%A7ois&typology%5B0%5D=1 Musée du Louvre]
• Musée d'Orsay, Paris[https://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr/ressources/repertoire-artistes-personnalites/charles-francois-daubigny-35854 Musée d'Orsay]
• Museum de Fundatie, Zwolle
• Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

[https://collections.mfa.org/advancedsearch/Objects/peopleSearch%3ACharles%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Daubigny Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]

• National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa[https://www.gallery.ca/collection/artist/charles-francois-daubigny National Gallery of Canada]
• National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh[https://www.nationalgalleries.org/search?artists%5B3040%5D=3040 National Galleries of Scotland]
• National Gallery, London[https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/charles-francois-daubigny National Gallery, London]
• National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.[https://www.nga.gov/collection/artist-info.1207.html?artobj_artistId=1207&pageNumber=1 National Gallery of Art]
• Neue Pinakothek, Munich[https://www.sammlung.pinakothek.de/en/artist/zA0GODE4dp/charles-francois-daubigny Neue Pinakothek]
• Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/search?q=Charles-Fran%C3%A7ois+Daubigny&v=&s=objecttype&ondisplay=False Rijksmuseum]
• Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, D.C.[https://americanart.si.edu/artist/charles-francois-daubigny-1131 Smithsonian American Art Museum]

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File:Pièce d'eau sous-bois (Daubigny).jpg|Pool Beneath Trees (1850)
Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa, Le Havre

File:Charles-François Daubigny - Harvest - Google Art Project.jpg|The Harvest (1851)
Musée d'Orsay, Paris

File:Charles-Franҫois Daubigny - The Ponds of Gylieu - Google Art Project.jpg|The Ponds of Gylieu (1853)
Cincinnati Art Museum

File:Brooklyn Museum - The River Seine at Mantes - Charles-François Daubigny.jpg|The River Seine at Mantes (1856)
Brooklyn Museum

File:Charles François Daubigny - Banks of the Oise.jpg|Banks of the Oise (1863)
Saint Louis Art Museum

File:The Creek (1863).jpg|The Creek (1863), oil on panel, 11 13/16 x 19 in. (30 x 48.3 cm), Clark Art Institute

File:Charles François Daubigny - Twilight - Walters 37128.jpg|Twilight (1866)
Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

File:The Bridge between Persan and Beaumont-sur-Oise.jpg|The Bridge between Persan and Beaumont-sur-Oise (1867), oil on panel, 15 1/8 x 26 7/16 in. (38.4 x 67.1 cm), Clark Art Institute

File:Charles-François Daubigny 005.jpg|La Confluence de la Seine et de l'Oise (1868)
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest

File:Charles-François Daubigny - Les blanchisseuses (1870s).jpg|Les Blanchisseuses (1870-1874)
The Frick Collection, New York

File:Charles-François Daubigny - Les Sables-d'Olonne - Google Art Project.jpg|Les Sables-d'Olonne, seaside town
in western France

File:Charles-François Daubigny - Bateaux sur la côte à Étaples (1871).jpg|Boats on the Seacoast at Étaples (1871)
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

File:Les Laveuses - Charles Francois Daubigny - ABDAG003149.jpg|Les Laveuses (1873)
Aberdeen Art Gallery

File:Woodland Scene.jpg|Woodland Scene (1873), oil on panel, 9 1/16 x 7 in. (23 x 17.8 cm), Clark Art Institute

File:Lever de lune à Auvers ou le retour du troupeau.jpg|Lever de lune à Auvers, or Le Retour du troupeau (1878)
Montreal Museum of Fine Arts

File:Charles-François Daubigny - Farm at Kerity, Brittany - Google Art Project.jpg| Farm at Kerity, Brittany
Kunstmuseum Den Haag, The Hague

• Daubigny's Garden, painted three times by Vincent van Gogh.

{{more footnotes needed|date=February 2014}}

{{reflist}}

• {{EB1911|wstitle=Daubigny, Charles François|volume=7|page=847}}

• {{cite book |editor=O'Neill, J| title= Romanticism & the school of nature : nineteenth-century drawings and paintings from the Karen B. Cohen collection | location=New York | publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art | year=2000 | url= http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15324coll10/id/102063}} (see index)

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{{Wikiquote|Charles-François Daubigny}}

• {{Art UK bio}}
• [https://museedaubigny.com/ Charles-François Daubigny – Museum – Musée Daubigny Auvers-sur-Oise]
• [http://www.atelier-daubigny.com Charles-François Daubigny's Home-Studio] – Maison-Atelier de Daubigny Auvers-sur-Oise. Historical monument.
• [http://www.rehs.com/Charles_Francois_Daubigny_Bio.html Charles-François Daubigny] – Rehs Galleries' biography on the artist.
• [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/daubigny_charles-francois.html Charles-François Daubigny at Artcyclopedia]

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Category:1817 births

Category:1878 deaths

Category:Painters from Paris

Category:19th-century French painters

Category:French male painters

Category:French Realist painters

Category:French landscape painters

Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour

Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery

Category:19th-century French male artists