Charles Comiskey

Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey. He attended public and parochial schools in Chicago, including St. Ignatius Preparatory School, and then attended St. Mary's College in St. Mary's, Kansas. He played baseball at St. Mary's and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs, including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885.{{Cite book |last=Hornbaker |first=Tom |title=Turning the Black Sox White: The Misunderstood Legacy of Charles A. Comiskey |date=March 14, 2014 |publisher=Sports Publishing |isbn=978-1613216385 |pages=11–20}}

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Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble. He is credited with being the first to play hitters off first base, allowing him to cover balls hit to more of the infield. He entered the American Association in 1882 with the St. Louis Brown Stockings.{{Cite web |title=Charles "The Old Roman" Comiskey |url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/blacksox/comiskeybio.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080113052839/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/blacksox/comiskeybio.html |archive-date=January 13, 2008 |access-date=December 27, 2007 |publisher=University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law}} He managed the team during parts of its first three seasons and became the full-time manager in 1885, leading the Browns to four consecutive American Association championships and a close second in 1889.{{Cite web |title=1889 American Association Season Summary |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/AA/1889.shtml}} He also played and managed for the Chicago Pirates in the Players' League (1890), the Browns again (1891), and the Cincinnati Reds in the National League (1892–1894).{{Cite web |title=Charlie Comiskey |url=https://www.baseball-reference.com/managers/comisch01.shtml |access-date=August 2, 2016 |website=Baseball Reference}}

File:Charles Comiskey circa 1910.jpg

Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League Sioux City Cornhuskers in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota, renaming the team the St. Paul Saints. He had compiled a .264 batting average with 29 home runs, 883 RBI and 419 stolen bases. As a manager, he posted an 839–542 record.

After five seasons of sharing the Twin Cities with another Western League club in Minneapolis, Comiskey and his colleagues arranged to share Chicago with the National League, whose club (the Chicago Cubs today) played on the West Side. The St. Paul Saints moved to the South Side as the White Stockings (also the original name of the Cubs; it was eventually shortened to White Sox) of the renamed American League for the 1900 season. The American League then declared itself a major league starting in 1901.

File:Charles Comiskey.jpg

As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw the construction of Comiskey Park in 1910 and won five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917). He lost popularity with his players, who eventually came to despise him. The players' animosity towards Comiskey has been cited as a major cause of the Black Sox scandal, when eight players on the AL champions conspired to "throw" the 1919 World Series to the NL champion Cincinnati Reds. Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him "frugal"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms. Traci Peterson notes that, in an era when professional athletes lacked free agency, the White Sox's formidable players had little choice but to accept Comiskey's substandard wages. She writes: "Swede Risberg and Lefty Williams made less than $3,000 a year (${{Inflation|US|3000|1919|fmt=c}} today). Joe Jackson and Buck Weaver made only $6,000 a year (${{Inflation|US|6000|1919|fmt=c}} today). Eddie Cicotte had been promised a $10,000 (${{Inflation|US|10000|1919|fmt=c}} today) bonus if he could win 30 games in a season. When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark." Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series, he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29–7 record in 1919 ). In one incident, he promised his players a bonus for winning the 1919 pennant — the "bonus" turned out to be a case of flat champagne.{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=June 2, 2018 |title=Chicago White Sox: Shoeless Joe Jackson Awaits Justice 50 Years After His Death |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/908953-chicago-white-sox-shoeless-joe-still-awaits-justice-50-years-after-his-death |access-date=December 15, 2022 |website=Bleacher Report}}

When the scandal broke late in the 1920 season, Comiskey suspended the suspected players via telegram, admitting that he knew this action cost the White Sox a second straight pennant. However, he initially defended the accused players and, in an unusual display of largesse, provided them with expensive legal representation. He ultimately supported baseball commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis' decision to ban the implicated White Sox players from further participation in professional baseball, knowing full well that Landis' action would permanently sideline the core of his team. Indeed, the White Sox promptly tumbled into seventh place and would not be a factor in a pennant race again until {{Baseball year|1936}}, five years after Comiskey's death. They did not win another pennant until {{Baseball year|1959}} and another World Series until {{Baseball year|2005}}.

File:Grave of Charles Comiskey (1859–1931) at Calvary Cemetery, Evanston 1.jpg

Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common. Later, he had played a large role in the dissolution of the National Commission, baseball's former governing body, following a quarrel with Ban Johnson. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939. He was also named to the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame in May 2022, as the selection of Cardinals managing partner William DeWitt Jr. for his accomplishments as manager of the St. Louis Browns.{{Cite news |last=Hummel |first=Rick |date=May 27, 2022 |title=Holliday, Javier, Comiskey named to Cardinals' Hall of Fame |url=https://www.stltoday.com/sports/baseball/professional/cardinal-beat/holliday-javier-comiskey-named-to-cardinals-hall-of-fame/article_520a61d4-6210-5472-8623-2c192cca8dc1.html |access-date=May 27, 2022 |work=St. Louis Post Dispatch}}

Comiskey died in Eagle River, Wisconsin in 1931 and was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Evanston. Comiskey's son J. Louis inherited the team but died a few years later. The trustees of his estate were going to sell the team, but J. Louis' widow Grace was able to gain control of the team and avoid a sale. Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles "Chuck" Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner),{{Cite news |date=August 28, 2007 |title=Charles Albert Comiskey II, 81, a White Sox boss, is dead |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/28/sports/28comiskey.html?_r=0 |access-date=February 22, 2014 |work=The New York Times}} became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s.{{Cite news |last=Creamer |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Creamer |date=February 24, 1958 |title=The Comiskey Affair |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1958/02/24/the-comiskey-affair |access-date=February 22, 2014 |work=Sports Illustrated}} Dorothy sold controlling interest in the team to Bill Veeck in 1958, but Chuck remained a minority owner until 1962.{{Cite book |last=Purdy |first=Dennis |title=The Team-by-Team Encyclopedia of Major League Baseball |publisher=Workman Publishing Company |year=2006 |isbn=0-7611-3943-5 |location=New York City}}

When the White Sox moved to a new ballpark in 1991, the Comiskey Park name was retained from their previous home (since 1910). It is now known as Rate Field. A statue of Comiskey stands near center field in the new ballpark.{{Cite web |title=Charles A. Comiskey Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=248553 |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=Historical Marker Database}}

• List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
• List of Major League Baseball player-managers
• List of St. Louis Cardinals team records

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• {{Cite journal |last=Riehle |first=Dave |date=Summer 2004 |title=Say It Ain’t So, Charlie! The 1897 Dispute between Charles Comiskey and the St. Paul Labor Trades and Labor Assembly over the Opening of Lexington Park |url=https://rchs.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/RCHS_Summer2004_Riehle.pdf |journal=Ramsey County History |location=St. Paul, Minnesota |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=14-18}}
• {{Cite book |last=Axelson |first=Gustaf W. |url=https://archive.org/details/commylifestoryof00axel |title="Commy": the life story of Charles A. Comiskey, the "Grand old Roman" of baseball and for nineteen years president and owner of the American league baseball team "The White Sox," |publisher=Reilly & Lee Co |year=1919 |location=Chicago |via=Internet Archive}}

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Category:1859 births

Category:1931 deaths

Category:19th-century baseball players

Category:19th-century American sportsmen

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Category:St. Paul Saints (Western League) players

Category:Baseball players from Chicago

Charles

Category:People from Eagle River, Wisconsin

Category:St. Ignatius College Prep alumni

Category:Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Evanston, Illinois)