Charles Elphinstone Fleeming

Born Charles Elphinstone in 1774, he was the son of John Elphinstone, the 11th Lord Elphinstone, and his wife Anne Ruthven.{{cite book |last=Burke|title=The Annual Register |page=173}} He entered the Navy and by March 1794 and the age of 20 had reached the rank of commander aboard the sloop {{HMS|Tisiphone|1781|6}}.{{cite book |last=Winfield |title=British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792|page=359}} He moved aboard the 26-gun {{HMS|Tartar|1756|6}} on 7 October 1795 and commanded her until her loss in 1797 while attempting to cut some French merchantmen out under the batteries at Puerto Plata, on Saint-Domingue.{{cite book |last=Winfield |title=British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1817|page=219}} He was then appointed to the 50-gun {{HMS|Diomede|1798|6}} in March 1798 which he commanded initially in the North Sea, but departing for the Cape of Good Hope on 6 December that year.{{cite book |last=Winfield |title=British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1817|page=110}} He spent the rest of the war on the East Indies station, stepping down in December 1802 following the Peace of Amiens. He briefly entered politics during this period, having been elected Member of Parliament for the constituency of Stirlingshire on 13 January 1802. He had assumed the name Fleeming on the death of his grandmother, the only surviving child of John, 6th Earl of Wigtoun, and his succeeding to the family's estates.

With the outbreak of the Napoleonic Wars in 1803 Elphinstone returned to active service, commanding the 40-gun HMS Egyptienne from April that year.{{cite book |last=Winfield |title=British Warships of the Age of Sail 1793–1817|page=124}} While Fleeming was in command the Egyptienne took the 16-gun Epervier on 27 July, and the 14-gun privateer Chiffonette on 30 August 1803. Serving aboard the Egyptienne as a midshipman during this time was future-Admiral Charles John Napier. The two were on bad terms, that would later lead to Napier challenging Fleeming to a duel.{{cite book |last=Elers Napier |title=The Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir Charles Napier|pages=112–3}} The two met at the appointed time, but were reconciled by their seconds, and did not fight. The two were not fully reconciled as friends though until some years later. Fleeming and the Egyptienne supported Vice-Admiral Robert Calder's fleet at the Battle of Cape Finisterre on 22 July 1805.{{cite book |last=Fremont-Barnes |title=The Royal Navy: 1793-1815|page=84}}

Egyptienne did not participate in the fighting herself, but while reconnoitring in advance of the fleet she captured a Danish merchant brig. After the battle she took the disabled Spanish 74-gun Firme into tow. After the battle, Admiral Robert Calder requested a court-martial to review his decision not to pursue the enemy fleet after the engagement. Fleeming was one of the witnesses. The court martial ruled that Calder's failure to pursue was an error of judgement, not a manifestation of cowardice, and severely reprimanded him.Duckworth (1805).

On 2 October Egyptienne captured the French brig-sloop Acteon, under Capitaine de Frégate Depoge, off Rochefort. She was armed with 16 6-pounder guns and had a crew of 126 men.The European Magazine, and London Review, p. 468. The navy took Acteon into service under her own name.Colledge (2006), p. 3. On 20 November Egyptienne captured the 12-gun Spanish letter of marque Paulina. The chase took nine hours, during which the Paulina threw eight of her guns overboard. She was out of Pasajes (Spain), on her way to cruise the West Indies.The European magazine, and London Review, Vol. 49, p. 73.

By late December Fleeming had left Egyptienne and was at Calder's court-martial. Fleeming then moved to command {{HMS|Revenge|1805|6}} in 1806, {{HMS|Bulwark|1807|6}} with the Mediterranean Fleet in 1807, and {{HMS|Standard|1782|6}} in 1811. He was appointed a Colonel of Royal Marines on 12 August 1812, and reached flag rank with a promotion to rear-admiral on 4 December 1814. He was appointed commander-in-chief at Gibraltar in 1814 and became the first Master of the Royal Calpe Hunt.{{cite book|title=The Journal of the Household brigade for the year 1862-80|year=1863|publisher=W. Clowes and Sons|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9OgAAAAMAAJ&q=Calpe+Hunt&pg=PA94|editor=I. E. A. Dolby|accessdate=26 December 2012|pages=93–95}}

Fleeming continued to rise through the ranks after the end of the wars with France. He was made a vice-admiral on 19 July 1821, was in command at the West Indies by 1828, and became an admiral in 1837.{{cite book |last=Clay |title=The Papers of Henry Clay|page=973}} He had been re-elected three times as MP for Stirlingshire before his naval career intervened, but returned to politics during his retirement from active service, regaining the seat in 1832 and holding it until 1835. Fleeming married 16-year-old Doña Cataline Paulina Alesandro de Jiminez in June 1816 in the Cathedral of Santa Cruz in Cadiz; he was 42. The marriage produced a son, John, who was born on 11 December 1819, and four daughters. One daughter, Clementina, married Cornwallis Maude, 1st Earl de Montalt and became a celebrated photographer.{{cite book |last=Hannavy |title=Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography|page=641}} John meanwhile inherited the title of Lord Elphinstone in 1860 after the death without issue of John Elphinstone, 13th Lord Elphinstone.{{cite book |last=Lodge |title=The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire|page=229}} Another daughter, Anne Elizabeth, who was born off Venezuela aboard Fleeming's flagship, {{HMS|Barham|1811|6}} in 1828, married William Cunningham Bontine of Gartmore and Ardoch, and had three sons, the eldest of which was the author, adventurer and politician Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham.

Fleeming was Commander-in-Chief, West Indies from 1828 to 1829,Cundall, p. xx Commander-in-Chief, The Nore from 1834 to 1837[http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowCommanders.php William Loney RN] and briefly Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth from April to November 1839.[http://www.history.inportsmouth.co.uk/people/cinc-portsmouth.htm History in Portsmouth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627145452/http://www.history.inportsmouth.co.uk/people/cinc-portsmouth.htm |date=27 June 2015 }} He succeeded Sir Thomas Hardy as Governor of Greenwich Hospital in September 1839, holding the position until his death from influenza at Leamington on 30 October 1840 at the age of 66. He was buried in Leamington parish church on 7 November.

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{cite book| last = Burke| first = Edmund|authorlink=Edmund Burke| year = 1842|title = The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year| publisher = Longmans, Green|volume=83}}
• {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924020417527#page/n27/mode/2up|title=Historic Jamaica|first=Frank|last=Cundall|publisher=West India Committee|year=1915}}
• {{cite book| last = Hannavy| first = John| year = 2008|title = Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-century Photography| publisher = CRC Press|isbn=978-0-415-97235-2}}
• {{cite book| last = Clay| first = Henry|authorlink=Henry Clay| year = 1982|title = The Papers of Henry Clay| publisher = University Press of Kentucky|isbn=0-8131-0056-9}}
• {{Cite book|last=Fremont-Barnes|first=Gregory|title=The Royal Navy: 1793-1815|location=Oxford|publisher=Osprey Publishing|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84603-138-0}}
• {{cite book| last = Elers Napier| first = Edward Hungerford D|year = 1862|title =The Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir Charles Napier| url = https://archive.org/details/lifeandcorrespo03napigoog| publisher = Hurst and Blackett}}
• {{cite book |last=Lodge |first=Edmund|title=The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire|publisher=Hurst and Blackett|location=London|year=1861}}
• {{cite book | last = Winfield| first = Rif|title = British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates | publisher =Seaforth| year = 2007|isbn=978-1-86176-295-5}}
• {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships of the Age of Sail 1794–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2007|isbn=978-1-86176-246-7}}

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• {{Hansard-contribs | hon-vice-admiral-charles-fleming | Charles Elphinstone Fleeming }}

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{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire | years = 1802–1812 | before = Sir George Keith Elphinstone | after = Sir Charles Edmonstone}}

{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Stirlingshire | years = 1832–1835 | before = William Ramsay Ramsay | after = William Forbes}}

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{{s-bef | before=Lawrence Halsted}}

{{s-ttl | title=Commander-in-Chief, West Indies| years=1828–1829}}

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{{succession box | title=Commander-in-Chief, The Nore | years=1834–1837 | before=Sir Richard King| after=Sir Robert Otway}}

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{{succession box | title=Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth | years=April 1839 – November 1839 | before=Sir Philip Durham | after=Sir Edward Codrington}}

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Category:1774 births

Category:1840 deaths

Category:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars

Category:Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars

Category:Royal Navy admirals

Category:UK MPs 1802–1806

Category:UK MPs 1806–1807

Category:UK MPs 1807–1812

Category:UK MPs 1832–1835

Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies

Category:Younger sons of barons

Charles