Charlesbourg-Royal
{{Use Canadian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox historic site
| name = Fort Charlesbourg Royal
| image = Charlesbourg-Royal.JPG
| caption = Drawing of Charlesbourg Royal (1990)
| location = Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| etymology = Named after Charles II, Duke of Orleans
| coordinates = {{coord|46|44|51.4|N|71|20|27.08|W|region:CA-QC_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| locmapin = Canada Quebec#Canada Quebec City#Canada
| map_caption = Fort Charlesbourg Royal
| built = Summer 1541
| end_label = Abandoned
| end_date = September 1543
| area = {{convert|1|ha|acre}}
| website = {{URL|1=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=597 }}
| governing_body = Parks Canada
| designation1 = National Historic Site of Canada
| designation1_offname = Fort Charlesbourg Royal
| designation1_type =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_date = 1923-05-25
| delisted1_date =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_number = 16661
| designation1_free1name =
| designation1_free1value =
| designation1_free2name =
| designation1_free2value =
| designation1_free3name =
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}}
Fort Charlesbourg Royal (1541—1543) is a National Historic Site in the Cap-Rouge neighbourhood of Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.{{cite web|url= https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=597 |title= Fort Charlesbourg Royal National Historic Site of Canada|publisher= Parks Canada|access-date= 2018-10-10}} Established by Jacques Cartier in 1541, it was France's first attempt at a colony in North America, and was abandoned two years later. In 1608, France would establish a successful colony, the Habitation de Québec, 15 kilometers east of the Cap-Rouge fort.
History
In the summer of 1541, after arriving on his third and final voyage, French explorer Jacques Cartier established the fort and a settlement of 400 people.{{cite web |title=Fort Charlesbourg Royal National Historic Site of Canada |url=https://www.historicplaces.ca/en/rep-reg/place-lieu.aspx?id=16661 |publisher=Historic Places|access-date= 2018-10-10}} It consisted of an upper fort, and lower fort located near the confluence of Rivière du Cap Rouge at the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River. The upper fort, at an elevation of {{convert|40|m}}, offered a strategic defensive position, while the lower fort provided a potential anchorage for ships. The two forts had three towers. Charlesbourg Royal was named after Charles II, Duke of Orleans, third son of King Francis I of France.
During the first winter, 35 of Cartier's men perished. Fort Charlesbourg Royal was abandoned in September 1543 due to the harsh weather, scurvy, and attacks from neighbouring Iroquoians of Stadacona and other villages.{{cite book|author1=Conrad Heidenreich|author2=K. Janet Ritch|title=Samuel de Champlain Before 1604: Des Sauvages and Other Documents Related to the Period|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G2D1py50xZ4C&pg=PA43|year=2010|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP|isbn=978-0-7735-3757-6|pages=43–44}}
In August 2006, Quebec Premier Jean Charest and Canadian archaeologists under Yves Chretien announced the discovery of the long-lost settlement. Chretien identified its location from fragments of a decorated c.1540-1550 Italian style ceramic plate and six wood timber samples dated to the mid-16th century by a United States laboratory.{{cite web|title=Pottery shard unearths North America's first French settlement|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=edd7eac6-f566-4011-87d7-82becfc883a2&k=48975|publisher=Canada.com|accessdate=May 3, 2012|author=Canwest News Service|date=August 22, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130061926/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=edd7eac6-f566-4011-87d7-82becfc883a2&k=48975#|archive-date=2009-01-30|url-status=dead}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Official website|1=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=597 }}
{{New France}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Charlesbourg-Royal}}
Category:History of Quebec City
Category:Buildings and structures in Quebec City
Category:French forts in Canada
Category:Populated places established in 1541