Charlotte Anderson

{{Short description|Australian scientist, physician and academic}}

{{Infobox medical person

| honorific_prefix =

| name = Charlotte Anderson

| honorific_suffix = AM FRACP FRCP FACP FRCPCH

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| birth_name = Charlotte Morrison Anderson

| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1915|03|20}}

| birth_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2002|04|15|1915|03|20}}

| death_place = Toorak, Victoria, Australia

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| education = University of Melbourne, BSc, MSc, MD

| occupation = Scientist, physician, educator

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| work_institutions = University of Birmingham

| specialism = Paediatric gastroenterology

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Charlotte Morrison Anderson (20 March 1915 – 15 April 2002) was an Australian scientist, physician and academic. She pioneered the field of paediatric gastroenterology working on health issues including cystic fibrosis and coeliac disease. She was the first woman professor of paediatrics in the United Kingdom.{{Cite journal|last=Hopkins Tanne|first=J.|date=2002-12-14|title=Morris Nathan Young|journal=BMJ|volume=325|issue=7377|pages=1424|doi=10.1136/bmj.325.7377.1424|s2cid=73176704}}{{Cite book|title=Irresistible forces : Australian women in science|last=Hooker, Claire, 1971-|date=2004|publisher=Melbourne University Press|isbn=052285107X|oclc=62542068}}{{Cite web|url=http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/5641|title=Munks Roll Details for Charlotte Morrison Anderson|website=munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk|access-date=2019-07-31|archive-date=31 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731213847/http://munksroll.rcplondon.ac.uk/Biography/Details/5641|url-status=dead}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au/wisa/wisa.html|title=Where are the Women in Australian Science? - Home|last=Melbourne|first=The University of|website=www.austehc.unimelb.edu.au|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-07-31}}

Early life and education

Anderson was born on 20 March 1915 in Melbourne, Australia. She attended high school in the city, going onto study science at the University of Melbourne, graduating with honours in 1936. The following year she completed a Masters of Science. For several years she worked as a research scientist before returning to university to study medicine, graduating in 1945 with honours. In 1955 became a Doctor of Medicine from the University of Melbourne with the thesis entitled "Diagnosis, Aetiology and Treatment of Coeliac Disease".{{Cite journal|last=Walker-Smith|first=John|date=October 2002|title=Obituary of Charlotte Anderson|journal=Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition|language=en-US|volume=35|issue=4|pages=589–590|issn=0277-2116|doi=10.1097/00005176-200210000-00029|doi-access=free}}

Career

After working in hospitals in Melbourne, she travelled to England in 1950 aboard a ship, employed as the ship's doctor. She worked as a research fellow with Sir Wilfrid Sheldon at Great Ormond Street Hospital researching coeliac disease, then Institute of Child Health, Birmingham working with Alistair Frazer and Jack French who were studying fat absorption in the disease. Their work identified that the gluten in flour had a harmful effect on fat absorption in children with coeliac disease.

Anderson returned to Australia in 1953 to continue her research, taking up a position as a senior researcher at Melbourne's Royal Children's Hospital. While there she started Australia's first cystic fibrosis clinic. She led a team of researchers who worked on intestinal malabsorption in children.

In 1958 she developed a test that accurately diagnosis of cystic fibrosis, and a technique for biopsying the small intestines of children.

In 1961, she discovered an "Unusual causes of steatorrhea in infancy" which was later identified as the chylomicron retention disease which also bears her name (Anderson's disease){{cite journal |last1=Anderson |first1=C. M. |title=Intestinal malabsorption in childhood. |journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood |date=1 December 1966 |volume=41 |issue=220 |pages=571–596 |doi=10.1136/adc.41.220.571 |pmid=5333147 |pmc=2019690 }}

She studied the role of gluten in coeliac disease and worked to develop gluten-free diets.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}

Anderson was the first woman professor of paediatrics in the United Kingdom. She was appointed Leonard Parsons Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Birmingham Medical School in 1968 and remained there until 1980, when she returned to Melbourne, her place of birth.{{Cite web |last=Standish |first=Ann |title=Anderson, Charlotte - Woman - The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia |url=http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0285b.htm |access-date=2022-05-29 |website=www.womenaustralia.info |publisher=The University of Melbourne |language=en-gb}}