Charlotte Marsh
{{Use British English|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Charlotte Marsh
| image = Charlotte Marsh 1911 Blathwayt, Col Linley.jpg
| alt = Charlotte Marsh
| caption = Charlotte Marsh in 1911
| birth_name = Charlotte Augusta Leopoldine Marsh
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1887|03|03|df=y}}
| birth_place = Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1961|04|21|1887|03|03|df=y}}
| death_place = London, England
| occupation = suffrage organiser and activist
| known_for = {{Nowrap|Organising suffrage demonstrations}}
}}
Charlotte Augusta Leopoldine Marsh (3 March 1887 – 21 April 1961), known as Charlie Marsh, was a militant British suffragette.
She was a paid organiser of the Women's Social and Political Union and is one of the first women to be force fed during one of several terms of imprisonment for militant protest. She was chauffeur and mechanic to David Lloyd George during the First World War.
Early life
Marsh was born on 3 March 1887 in Alnmouth, near Newcastle, to Ellen (née Hall) (1863–1942) and Arthur Hardwick Marsh, a noted watercolourist residing at Prudhoe Tower.{{Cite book |last=Yearnshire |first=John |title=Around Alnmouth, what the papers say |others=Quotes Evening Telegraph 9 December 1909 |year=2014 |location=Alnmouth |pages=7 |language=English}} She had two older half sisters Margaret Hannah Phillis Marsh (1877–1931) and Phillis Clara Sylvia Marsh (1877–1965) from her father's first marriage to Juliana Phillis Glover (1839–1878) and four full sisters Nellie Wellesley Marsh (1885–1964); Dorothy Hale Marsh (1890–?); Margaret Marsh (1892–) and Lois Marsh (1895–1963). Charlotte Marsh was educated locally at St Margaret's School and then at Roseneath in Wrexham before completing her education in Bordeaux.{{Cite news|url=http://spartacus-educational.com/WmarshCH.htm|title=Charlotte Marsh|work=Spartacus Educational|access-date=2017-10-25|language=en}}
Suffragette activity
file:Planting suffragette trees at Eagle House Suffragettes Annie Kenney, Mary Blathwayt, Laura Ainsworth and Charlotte Marsh (left to right).jpg, Mary Blathwayt and Laura Ainsworth]]
In 1907 Marsh joined the Women's Social and Political Union, but did not become active. It is thought that her training as a sanitary inspector opened her eyes to the plight of women. Marsh became a full-time organiser for the WSPU.{{Cite web|url=http://www.museumoflondonprints.com/image/447441/national-womens-social-and-political-union-the-suffragette-organiser-charlotte-marsh-1909|title=The Suffragette Organiser Charlotte Marsh: 1909, National Women's Social and Political Union|website=Museum of London Prints|language=en|access-date=2017-10-25|archive-date=23 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623043107/https://www.museumoflondonprints.com/image/447441/national-womens-social-and-political-union-the-suffragette-organiser-charlotte-marsh-1909|url-status=dead}} She helped Mary Philips in pavement chalking in Lambeth, whom Philips noted 'gamely stood the jeering and rough handling' the women got in the process.{{Cite book|title=Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes|last=Atkinson|first=Diane|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2018|isbn=9781408844045|location=London|oclc=1016848621}} She was also seen on parade which was considered less likely to attract violence, with Dora Spong with Dorothy Hartopp Radcliffe, Hilda Dallas handing out Votes for Women, and publicising with a placard the upcoming Women's Parliament on 30 June 1908.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/454650.html|title=Poster Parade of Suffragettes|website=collections.museumoflondon.org.uk|access-date=2019-09-27}} Then on 30 June 1908 she was arrested with Elsie Howey and imprisoned in Holloway for a month on charges of obstructing the police.
On 17 September 1909 Marsh, Mary Leigh and Patricia Woodlock climbed onto the roof of Bingley Hall in Birmingham to protest at being excluded from a political meeting where the British Prime Minister Asquith was giving a speech. They threw roof tiles which they levered up with an axe at the Asquith's car and at the police. She was sent to trial and then on to Winson Green Prison. In protest about not being treated as a political prisoner they went on hunger strike.Myall, M. (2004-09-23). Leigh [née Brown], Mary [Marie] (b. 1885, d. in or after 1965), militant suffragette. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201232831/http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-56240 1 December 2017] Marsh, Leigh and Woodlock became three of the first suffragette hunger strikers to be forcibly fed.[https://books.google.com/books?id=a2EK9P7-ZMsC&dq=charlotte+marsh+suffragette&pg=PA381 The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928] Marsh was reported to have been fed by tube 139 times during this imprisonment and released two days later that was the norm for when her father's fatal illness.{{Cite book |last=Crawford |first=Elizabeth |author-link=Elizabeth Crawford (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a2EK9P7-ZMsC&dq=Arthur+Hardwick+Marsh&pg=PA381 |title=The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 |date=2003-09-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-43402-1 |language=en}}
Marsh was invited as a leading suffragette to Eagle House in Batheaston in April 1911. This was the home of Mary Blathwayt and her parents and they invited leading suffragettes to plant trees. Colonel Blathwayt would take a photo and a plaque was made to record the event. Marsh planted Picea polita. Mary's mother, Emily Blathwayt, recorded that Marsh was not eating meat but seemed to have recovered from her imprisonment. Marsh refused to complete the 1911 census, and was recorded as spending the census night at St James Hall, Landport returning home to 4 Pelham Road, Portsmouth the next day and "absolutely refuses to full up paper".{{Cite web |title=1911 England Census |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/2352/images/rg14_05617_0751_03?pId=42525388 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=www.ancestry.co.uk}}
File:Dora Beedham nee Spong.jpg on 30 June 1908. The Suffragettes are (left to right) Dorothy Hartopp Radcliffe, Dora Spong who appears to be holding a pile of Votes for Women newspapers, Hilda Dallas and Charlotte Marsh carrying the placard]]
Marsh had been given a Hunger Strike Medal 'for Valour
In 1912 working from home in Dorking, she campaigned in support of the Pethick-Lawrence's, whose mansion was being sold, to meet fines for suffragette activism, she worked with Helen Gordon Liddle.{{Cite web|title=A blue plaque commemorates the Dorking suffragette campaign|url=https://www.exploringsurreyspast.org.uk/dorking-suffragettes|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Exploring Surrey's Past|language=en-GB}}
First World War
During World War I she worked as a mechanic and chauffeur for David Lloyd George, whilst continuing her activism. Lloyd George was aware of her background but he wanted to make a political bridge to those wanting suffrage. Moreover, he wanted to employ a woman as he was campaigning for women to join the workforce to replace then men who were in the armed forces. Lloyd George also drove his car but Marsh served as its mechanic. Marsh also worked for the Land Army.{{Cite web|title=David Lloyd George's suffragette chauffeur|url=https://www.illustratedfirstworldwar.com/david-lloyd-georges-suffragette-chauffeur/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.illustratedfirstworldwar.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121045759/http://www.illustratedfirstworldwar.com/david-lloyd-georges-suffragette-chauffeur/ |archive-date=21 November 2015 }}
By 1916, Marsh was frustrated with the WSPU's refusal to campaign on suffrage issues during the war. She founded the breakaway Independent Women's Social and Political Union to continue the campaign, publishing Independent Suffragette.{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Harold L.|title=The British Women's Suffrage Campaign 1866-1928|date=2009|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1408228234|page=80}}
Post war
After the war she worked for the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom peace movement and then as a social worker in San Francisco.
Marsh returned to London where she returned to her expertise in public health working for London County Council.{{cite book |author=Cowman |first=Krista |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6cbvP3XF0yMC&pg=PA228 |title=Women of the Right Spirit: Paid Organisers of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU), 1904-18 |date=15 July 2007 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-7002-0 |pages=228–}} She was involved with Edith How-Martyn in setting up the collection of the Suffragette Fellowship documenting the movement.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/agent/3592.html|title=Museum of London {{!}} Free museum in London|website=collections.museumoflondon.org.uk|access-date=2019-08-01}} Marsh was a member of the Six Point Group's executive council with Theresa Garnett.
In 1952, she gave a speech at the inaugural meeting of the National Assembly of Women and presented a declaration of women's solidarity for equality and peace.Tebbs, Betty. A Short History of the National Assembly of Women. Manchester, UK: National Assembly of Women, 1993.
Death and legacy
Marsh died on 21 April 1961, aged 74, at 31 Copse Hill, London.{{Cite web |title=England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995 |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/1904/images/32858_633870_1428-00074?pId=15568630 |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=ancestry.co.uk}} {{subscription required}} A blue plaque was created in 2018 -- to commemorate Marsh and the local suffragettes on the centenary of women over 30 getting the vote a hundred years earlier -- at 43 Howard Road, Dorking.
References
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{{Eagle House}}
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Category:Eagle House suffragettes
Category:People from Newcastle upon Tyne
Category:Women's Social and Political Union