Chaudière River
{{Short description|River in Estrie and Chaudière-Appalaches, Quebec, Canada}}
{{For|the river in Lac-Ashuapmushuan, Quebec|Chaudière River (Normandin River)}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Chaudière
Kik8ntekw
| name_native = {{native name|aaq|Kik8ntekw}}
| name_native_lang =
| name_other =
| name_etymology = {{small|FR}} Cauldron/boiler river
{{small|AB}} River of the fields
| image = Chutes chaudieres.jpg
| image_caption = Chutes-de-la-Chaudière
| map = Chaudiererivermap.png
| map_size =
| map_caption = Chaudiere River basin
| pushpin_map =
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| subdivision_type1 = Country
| subdivision_name1 = Canada
| subdivision_type2 = Province
| subdivision_name2 = Quebec
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 =
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name4 =
| subdivision_type5 =
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| length = {{convert|185|km|mi|abbr=on}}
| width_min =
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| width_max =
| depth_min =
| depth_avg =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| discharge1_min = {{convert|11|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_avg = {{convert|114|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| discharge1_max = {{convert|470|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}
| source1 = Lake Mégantic
| source1_location = Lac-Mégantic, Estrie
| source1_coordinates= {{coord|45|34|20|N|70|53|00|W|display=inline}}
| source1_elevation =
| mouth = Saint Lawrence River
| mouth_location = Lévis, Chaudière-Appalaches
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|46|44|34|N|71|16|43|W|display=inline,title}}
| mouth_elevation =
| progression =
| river_system =
| basin_size = {{convert|6682|km2|abbr=on}}
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The Chaudière River ({{IPA|fr|ʃodjɛʁ}}; French for "Cauldron" or "Boiler"; Abenaki: Kik8ntekw{{cite web |title="field" |url=http://westernabenaki.com/dictionary/field.html |website=Abenaki Dictionary |access-date=1 December 2021}}{{cite web |title="tekw" |url=http://westernabenaki.com/dictionary/display2.php?action=search&word=tekw&type=latest |website=Abenaki Dictionary |access-date=1 December 2021}}) is a {{convert|185|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} river with its source near the Town of Lac-Mégantic, in southeast Quebec, Canada. From its source Lake Mégantic in the Estrie region, it runs northwards to flow into the St. Lawrence River opposite Quebec City.
Geography
The river's drainage area is {{convert|6682|km2|mi2}}, initially in the Appalachian Mountains, then in the low-lands of the St. Lawrence. It includes 236 lakes covering {{convert|62|km2|mi2}} and is populated by approximately 180,000 inhabitants. Its annual medium flow at the station of Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon is {{convert|114|m3/s|cuft/s}}, varying from {{convert|11|m3/s|cuft/s}} (low water) to {{convert|470|m3/s|cuft/s}} (spring high water), with historical maximum of {{convert|1760|m3/s|cuft/s}}.
Its principal tributaries are:
- Rivière du Loup (not to be confused with Rivière du Loup in the Bas-Saint-Laurent), also known as the Rivière Linière
- Famine River
- Beaurivage River
- Bras Saint-Victor
The river's basin has nearly 50 percent of the faunal richness of Quebec, namely 330 out of 653 vertebrate species known in the province can be found there.
The river, and the {{convert|40|m|ft|adj=mid|-high}} Chaudière Falls which it passes over, are popular outdoor recreation areas.
= Municipalities crossed =
Its course crosses the regional county municipalities (MRC) of:
Left bank of the Chaudière river (from the confluence):
- Lévis ("Saint-Rédempteur" and "Saint-Étienne-de-Lauzon" sectors);
- MRC of La Nouvelle-Beauce in Chaudière-Appalaches: municipalities of Saint-Bernard, Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon, Scott, Sainte-Marie;
- MRC Beauce-Centre in Chaudière-Appalaches: municipalities of Saint-Joseph-des-Érables, Beauceville;
- MRC Beauce-Sartigan, in Chaudière-Appalaches: municipalities of Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Saint-Georges, Saint-Martin, Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce;
- MRC Le Granit in Estrie: municipalities of Saint-Ludger, Sainte-Cécile-de-Whitton, Lac-Mégantic.
Right bank of the Chaudière river (from the confluence):
- Lévis ("Charny" and "Sainte-Hélène-de-Breakeyville" sectors);
- MRC of La Nouvelle-Beauce in Chaudière-Appalaches: municipalities of Sainte-Marie, Vallée-Jonction,
- MRC Beauce-Centre in Chaudière-Appalaches: municipality of Beauceville,
- MRC of Beauce-Sartigan in Chaudière-Appalaches: municipalities of Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, Saint-Simon-les-Mines, Saint-Georges, Saint-Martin, Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce,
- MRC Le Granit in Estrie: municipalities of Saint-Robert-Bellarmin, Frontenac, Audet, Lac-Mégantic ("Fatima" sector)
History
The Abenaki Nation, whose homeland Ndakinna encompasses the river and Chaudière Falls, call it "Kik8ntekw" or "Kikôntekw", meaning "River of the Fields." On the charts of Samuel de Champlain, it was given the name "Etchemin River" (a name now used for another river whose drainage area borders with that of the Chaudière River). It was called "Rivière du Sault de la Chaudière" for a period of time before it became simply "Rivière Chaudière" towards the end of the 18th century. This name translates as boiler and refers to the waterfall close to its mouth.
Its location was strategic for French colonization during the 18th century, because the river was a natural link between New France and the British colonies to the south. It was also used by Benedict Arnold at the time of his 1775 expedition in the invasion of Quebec.
In 1823, gold was found along its shores in the Eastern Townships of Quebec.Law-West, Don. "Gold", in The Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton: Hurtig Publishing, 1988), Volume 2, p.908.
On 6 July 2013 the Lac-Mégantic derailment caused a major oil spill which contaminated the river at its source at Lac Mégantic.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/1-dead-many-missing-after-quebec-train-blasts-1.1353009 |title=1 dead after Quebec train blasts |date=July 6, 2013 |publisher=CBC |access-date=July 6, 2013}} Downstream communities such as Saint-Georges ({{convert|80|km}} to the northeast) were forced to obtain potable water from alternate sources and residents asked to limit their water consumption.{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/leaking-oil-from-lac-m%C3%A9gantic-disaster-affects-nearby-towns-1.1353859 |title=Leaking oil from Lac-Mégantic disaster affects nearby towns |date=July 7, 2013 |publisher=CBC |access-date=July 7, 2013}} Floating barriers were installed in an attempt to contain the contamination.
Description
The Chaudière Valley largely crosses the Quebec region of Beauce. It has shaped its industries and its way of life, particularly in spring when its overflows during snowmelt in inhabited areas are frequent, despite its course regulated by 160 dams and retaining dikes. The river runs through several towns and villages in the region, including Saint-Ludger, Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce, Saint-Martin, Saint-Georges, Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Beauceville, Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, Vallée-Jonction and Sainte-Marie, Quebec.
The river is a prime site for outdoor activities, particularly near lac Mégantic and Chutes-de-la-Chaudière park. Located near the mouth of the river, in Lévis, this park offers hiking and cycling trails as well as a footbridge suspended over the river, which offers a viewpoint on the fall, {{convert|35|m}} high. The fall was harnessed for its hydro-electric potential in 1901, but was destroyed in 1970. The dam was rebuilt in 1999 on the remains of the old installations, and supplies a small hydro-electric plant of {{convert|24|MW}}. {{cite web|url= https://www.innergex.com/sites/gilles-lefrancois-facility/ |title= Gilles-Lefrançois Facility |website=innergex.com}}
= Gallery =
File:Lac Mégantic.jpg|Lac Mégantic, head lake of the Chaudière.
File:LeGrandSault(riviereChaudiere).jpg|The Grand Sault, near Saint-Martin.
File:Barrage Sartigan 10.jpg|The Sartigan dam at Saint-Georges.
File:Rivière Chaudière à Scott.jpg|Meander at Scott, Quebec
File:Rivière Chaudière à Saint-Lambert.jpg|The islands near Saint-Lambert-de-Lauzon.
File:Rivière Chaudière crue printemps.jpg|The river in flood.
File:Chutes chaudieres.jpg|The Chaudière Falls.
List of bridges
| class = wikitable
! width = "17%" | Sleepers ! width = "18%" | Photo ! width = "20%" | Municipality (ies) ! width = "7%" | Year of construction ! width = "20%" | Road ! width = "8%" | Length ! width = "10%" | Bridge type |
| Bridge 16179
| | | Frontenac Street | | Steel girder bridge |
| Railway bridge
| 180px | | Central Maine and Quebec Railway | | Steel girder bridge |
| Bridge 18952
| | | Papineau Street | | Precast prestressed concrete girder bridge |
| Bridge
| | | Québec Central Trail | | |
| Bridge 10965
| |
| Bridge 13899
| | Lac-Drolet and Audet | Main path |
| Soucy Bridge
| | Pont Street |
| Bridge
| | 2009 | Multifunctional trail | | Suspended walkway |
| Bridge 13967
| 180px |
| Sartigan dam
| 180px | 1967 | Barrage-Sartigan road | | Concrete-gravity dam |
| David-Roy Bridge
| 180px |
| Passerelle de la Seigneurie
| 180px | | Cycle path of the Domaine de la Seigneurie | | Steel girder walkway |
| Manac footbridge
| | | Cycle path of the Domaine de la Seigneurie | | Steel girder walkway |
| Canam-Boa Franc Gateway
| | | Cycle path of the Domaine de la Seigneurie | | Steel girder walkway |
| Bridge 13921
| | 30th Street |
| Pont Perrault
| 180px | 1929 | Cycle lane | {{convert|150.9|m}} | Covered bridge |
| Desjardins Gateway
| 180px | 2008 | Cycle lane | {{convert|70|m}} | Steel lifting gangway |
| Pont Fortin
| 180px |
| Bridge 00793
| |
| Bridge 18298
| | | | Steel lower deck bridge |
| Bridge 00814
| |
| Bridge 10861
| |
| Family Bridge-Beshro
| | Multifunctional trail | Cable-stayed gangway |
| Scott's Bridge
| | Scott |
| Bridge 03994
| |
| Bridge 14760
| | Lévis |
| Bridge 14761
| | Lévis |
| Railway bridge
| | Lévis | | | Steel girder bridge |
| Chutes-de-la-Chaudière footbridge
| 180px | Lévis | | Cycle lane | {{convert|113|m}} | Suspension bridge |
| Bridge 04011S
| | Lévis |
| Bridge 04011N
| | Lévis |
| Bridge 13887
| 180px | Lévis |
| Railway bridge
| | Lévis | | | Steel girder bridge |
| Bridge 16928
| | Lévis |
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [http://www.cobaric.qc.ca/ Le comité du bassin versant de la rivière Chaudière] (in French)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudiere River}}