Login
Login

Chelkan language

{{short description|Turkic language}}

{{Expand language|topic=|langcode=ru|otherarticle=Челканское наречие|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox language

| name = Chelkan

| familycolor = altaic

| altname = Kuu-Kizhi, Chalkan

| fam1 = Turkic

| nativename = {{lang|atv|куу, къуу, чалкъанду, шалкъанду}}

| speakers = 648

| date = 2021

| ref = [https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab7_VPN-2020.xlsx 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ ]

| states = Russia

| region = Altai Republic

| fam2 = Siberian Turkic

| fam3 = Southern Siberian

| fam4 = Northern Altai

| script = Cyrillic script

| map = File:Altay.svg

| mapcaption = A map of the Altai languages, including Chelkan (in red).

| ethnicity = Chelkans

| glottoname =

| glotto = chel1242

| linglist = alt_quu

| lingname = Qü

}}

Chelkan (also Chalkan, Chalqandu) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia by 648 Chelkans.

The Chelkans

{{Main|Chelkans}}

The Chelkans are sometimes called "Lebeds" ({{Langx|ru|Лебедины}}, {{Transliteration|ru|Lebediny}}), of the name of the river which runs through the Altai Republic, or Qu'Kiji. In the 2002 Russian census, their population rose to 855 people.

Classification

Chelkan is classified in the Siberian Turkic languages. It is considered to be a dialect of Northern Altai. The Chelkan, aside from knowing Chelkan, can also understand Tubalar and Kumandin, which comprise the Northern Altai language.

Phonology

= Consonants =

The word-final guttural phonemes of Chelkan are more stable then in literary Altai, for example Chelkan {{Lang|atv|таг}} versus literary {{Lang|atv|туу}} 'mountain'.{{Cite web |title=Endangered Languages of Siberia - Bibliography on the Chelkan Language |url=https://lingsib.iea.ras.ru/en/languages/chelkan.shtml |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=lingsib.iea.ras.ru}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants in Chelkan{{Cite web |title=Челканский {{!}} Малые языки России |url=https://minlang.iling-ran.ru/phonetics/chelkanskiy |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=minlang.iling-ran.ru}}

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Postalveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Uvular

!Pharyngeal

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPAlink|m}}

|{{IPAlink|n}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ɲ}}

|{{IPAlink|ŋ}}

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Stop

!voiceless

|{{IPAlink|p}}

|{{IPAlink|t}}

|

|

|{{IPAlink|k}}

|/{{IPA link|q}}/

|

voiced

|

|{{IPAlink|d}}

|

|

|/g/

|

|

align="center"

! rowspan="2" |Fricative

!voiceless

|

|{{IPAlink|s}}

|{{IPAlink|ʃ}}

|

|

|

|/{{IPA link|ħ}}/

voiced

|{{IPAlink|β}}

|{{IPAlink|z}}

|{{IPAlink|ʒ}}

|

|{{IPAlink|ɣ}}

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Approximant

|{{IPAlink|w}}

|{{IPAlink|l}}

|

|{{IPAlink|j}}

|

|

|

align="center"

! colspan="2" |Vibrant

|

|{{IPAlink|r}}

|

|

|

|

|

= Vowels =

Chelkan has vowel harmony.

class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+Vowels of Chelkan

! rowspan="3" |

! colspan="4" |Front

! colspan="4" |Back

colspan="2" |unrounded

! colspan="2" |rounded

! colspan="2" |unrounded

! colspan="2" |rounded

short

!long

!short

!long

!short

!long

!short

!long

rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;" |Close

|{{IPA link|i}}

|{{IPA link|iː}}

|{{IPA link|ʏ}}

|{{IPA link|ʏː}}

|{{IPA link|ɪ}}

|{{IPA link|ɪː}}

|{{IPA link|ʊ}}

|{{IPA link|ʊː}}

{{IPA link|e}}

|{{IPA link|eː}}

|

|

|

|

|

|

style="text-align: left;" |Mid

|

|

|{{IPA link|œ}}

|{{IPA link|œː}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

|{{IPA link|ɔː}}

style="text-align: left;" |Open

|

|

|

|

|

|

|{{IPA link|ɑ}}

|{{IPA link|ɑː}}

Orthography

In 2008, an alphabet was created for the Chelkan language. However, only one textbook has been published, "{{Lang|atv|Аба-jыштың-аң-куштары}}" (Animals and Birds of Primeval Taiga), in 2004.

style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:right; background-color:#F8F8EF"

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |А а

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Б б

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |В в

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Г г

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ӷ ӷ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Д д

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ј ј

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Е е

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ё ё

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ж ж

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |З з

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |И и

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Й й

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |К к

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Л л

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |М м

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Н н

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ң ң

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |О о

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ӧ ӧ

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |П п

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Р р

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |С с

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Т т

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |У у

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ӱ ӱ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ф ф

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Х х

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ц ц

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ч ч

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ш ш

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Щ щ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ъ ъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ы ы

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ь ь

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Э э

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ю ю

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Я я

In 2017-18, the alphabet was modified with the addition of the letter Њ њ.

style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1.4em; border-color:#000000; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:right; background-color:#F8F8EF"

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |А а

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Б б

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |В в

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Г г

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ғ ғ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Д д

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ј ј

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Е е

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ё ё

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ж ж

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |З з

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |И и

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Й й

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |К к

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Қ қ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Л л

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |М м

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Н н

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ҥ ҥ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Њ њ

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |О о

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ӧ ӧ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |П п

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Р р

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |С с

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Т т

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |У у

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ӱ ӱ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ф ф

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Х х

style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ц ц

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ч ч

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ш ш

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Щ щ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ъ ъ

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ы ы

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ь ь

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Э э

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Ю ю

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" |Я я

Notes and references

Sources

  • (ru) Баскаков, Н.A., Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи), Северные диалекты алтаиского (ойротского) языка, 2 volumes, Moscou, Nauka, 1965–1966.

External links

  • {{Ethnologue|atv}}, which is incorrect about Northern Altai dialects, for which it gives names of southern dialects as alternative names.

{{Turkic languages}}

{{Portal bar|Languages|Asia|Siberia}}

Category:Siberian Turkic languages

Category:Indigenous languages of Siberia

{{Turk-lang-stub}}