Chengdu–Chongqing railway
{{Short description|Railway line in China}}
{{Infobox rail line
| logo = China Railways.svg
| name = Chengdu–Chongqing railway
{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|成渝铁路}}}}
| logo_width = 75px
| logo_alt =
| image = Chengdu-Chongqing Railway in Jianyang.jpg
| caption = Line in Jianyang
| type = Heavy rail
| system =
| operator = China Railway
| status = Active
| start = {{rws|Chengdu}}
| end = {{rws|Chongqing}}
| stations =
| linelength_km = 505
| yearcommenced = {{Start date and age|1950|06|15}}
| yearcompleted = {{Start date and age|1952|06|13}}
| close =
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|al=on}}
| electrification = 25 kV/50 Hz AC overhead catenary
| map_state = collapsed
| map = {{Chengdu–Chongqing railway RDT}}
| map_name =
}}
Chengdu–Chongqing railway or Chengyu railway ({{lang-zh|s=成渝铁路|t=成渝鐵路|p=chéngyú tiělù}}), is a single-track electrified railroad in the Sichuan Basin of Southwest China between the cities Chengdu and Chongqing. Chongqing's short form name is Yu (渝) and the railway is named after the two cities. The line has a total length of {{convert|505|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}.
The Chengyu railway opened in 1952 and was the first railway to be built after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Other cities along the route include Jianyang, Ziyang, Zizhong, Neijiang, Longchang and Yongchuan. The line is single-track, but duplication commenced between Chongqing and Jiangjin in November 2019.
History
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| header =
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =
| footer =
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background =
| width =
| image1 = Chengyu Railway Opening ceremony.jpg
| width1 = 200
| alt1 =
| caption1 = A locomotive adorned with a portrait of Mao Zedong at the opening ceremony of the Chengdu-Chongqing railway on July 1, 1952
| image2 = Chengyu Railway Opening ceremony 2.jpg
| width2 = 200
| alt2 =
| caption2 = He Long cuts the ribbon at the opening ceremony.}}
In 1903, a railway line between Chengdu and Chongqing, the two biggest cities in Sichuan, was proposed by Huguang Viceroy Zhang Zhidong as part of a railway from Sichuan to Wuhan. Construction on this line began in 1909 and halted in 1911. Attempts to resume construction in 1936, by the China Development Finance Corporation, and in 1947 ended with the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. On December 31, 1949, shortly after the Chinese Communists captured Sichuan from the Nationalists, Secretary of the Southwest Bureau Deng Xiaoping proposed the building of the railway. Work began on June 15, 1950 and involved 30,000 People's Liberation Army troops and 10,000 civilian laborers. More than 400 private steel mills in Chongqing supplied steel for the line.(Chinese)[http://www.yiyuanyi.org/awzh/lsfb/200909/11_26638.html "成渝铁路：中国铁路史的奇迹"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104232204/http://www.yiyuanyi.org/awzh/lsfb/200909/11_26638.html |date=January 4, 2010 }} 2009-09-11 The line was completed on June 13, 1952, and entered into trial operation on July 1, 1952.{{Cite web|date=2021-10-24|title=中国铁道博物馆馆藏成渝铁路通车纪念章|url=http://www.china-railway.com.cn/tlwh/tlbwg/tllwjhsh/202110/t20211024_117618.html|access-date=2022-02-20|website=China Railway|archive-date=2021-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216111211/http://www.china-railway.com.cn/tlwh/tlbwg/tllwjhsh/202110/t20211024_117618.html|url-status=live}} It was the first railway line built in China after the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
In 1987, the Chengyu Line was fully electrified, raising annual carrying capacity from 6.1 million tons to 13 million.
The opening of the Chengdu–Chongqing Expressway in 1995 drew passengers away from the railway.{{Cite web|date=2003-01-08|title=遂渝铁路"缩短"成渝线|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-01-08/1515866701.html|access-date=2022-02-20|website=Sina}}
By 2008, the line was transporting 90 million tons of cargo and 70 million passengers per year.[http://news.cctv.com/china/20090811/105574.shtml "新中国档案：成渝铁路--新中国的第一条铁路"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614142047/http://news.cctv.com/china/20090811/105574.shtml |date=2011-06-14 }} 2009-08-11
Passenger service
As of 2021, the only remaining passenger service is a one train in each direction per day between Chongqing and Neijiang.{{Cite web|date=2021-02-25|title=【奋斗百年路 启航新征程】成渝铁路：新中国第一条铁路|url=https://www.yicai.com/news/100958831.html|access-date=2022-02-20}}
Other rail lines between Chengdu and Chongqing
After the opening of the Dazhou–Chengdu railway (达成铁路) (via Suining) in 1997, and the Suining–Chongqing Railway in 2006, another, shorter, railway route between Chengdu and Chongqing, via Suining (so-called 成遂渝铁路), {{convert|312|km|mi|0|abbr=off}} long, appeared. Since 2009, high-speed CRH passenger trains run on that route.
The third railway line between the two cities, the Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway, completed on December 26, 2015, accommodates high-speed trains traveling at up to {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=off}}. Although it follows a route generally similar to that of the original Chengdu–Chongqing railway, it is significantly shorter due to the greater use of elevated sections and tunnels.[http://www.luzhouol.cn/html/city/area/2012-07-31/13327.html 成渝客运专线最快2014年通车] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217131653/http://www.luzhouol.cn/html/city/area/2012-07-31/13327.html |date=December 17, 2013 }}, luzhouol.cn, 2012-07-31
Rail junctions
See also
{{Portal|Railways}}
References
{{Reflist|2}}
External links
{{commons category|Chengdu-Chongqing Railway}}
{{Chengdu–Chongqing Railway}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chengdu-Chongqing Railway}}
Category:Railway lines in China
Category:Rail transport in Sichuan