Chengjiang

{{Infobox settlement

|name = Chengjiang

|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|澄江市}}}}

|official_name =

|settlement_type = County-level city

|postal_code_type = Postal code

|postal_code = 652500

|area_code = 0877

|image_skyline =

|image_caption =

|image_map = 澄江市位置图.svg

|map_caption = Location of the county (red) in Yuxi (pink) and Yunnan

|pushpin_map = China Yunnan

|pushpin_label =

|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the county seat in Yunnan

|subdivision_type = Country

|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China

|subdivision_type1 = Province

|subdivision_name1 = Yunnan

|subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city

|subdivision_name2 = Yuxi

|area_total_km2 = 804

|population_total = 146293

|population_as_of =

|population_density_km2 = auto

|coordinates_footnotes =

|coordinates = {{coord|24.6506|N|102.935|E|region:CN-53_type:city_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=inline,title|format=dms}}

|elevation_ft =

|elevation_m =

|timezone = China Standard

|utc_offset = +8

|website = {{URL|www.yncj.gov.cn/}}

| footnotes = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site

| child = yes

| official_name = Chengjiang Fossil Site

| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(viii)}}(viii)

| ID = 1388

| year = 2012

| area = {{convert|512|ha|acre|abbr=on}}

| buffer_zone = {{convert|220|ha|acre|abbr=on}}

}}

File:Maotianshania-cylindrica.jpg]]

Chengjiang ({{zh|t=澂江|s=澄江|p=Chéngjiāng}}; earlier Tchinkiang) is a city located in Yuxi, Yunnan Province, China, just north of Fuxian Lake.

Administrative divisions

Chengjiang City has 2 subdistricts and 4 townships.{{cite web

|url = http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2019/

|title = 国家统计局

|publisher = National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China

|language = zh

|access-date = 2021-12-07}}

;2 subdistricts

Fenglu ({{lang|zh-Hans|凤麓街道}})
Longjie ({{lang|zh-Hans|龙街街道}})

;4 towns

valign="top"|

Yousuo ({{lang|zh-Hans|右所镇}})
Yangzong ({{lang|zh-Hans|阳宗镇}})

|valign="top"|

Haikou ({{lang|zh-Hans|海口镇}})
Jiucun ({{lang|zh-Hans|九村镇}})

Chengjiang Fossil Site

{{Main|Maotianshan Shales|List of Chengjiang Biota species by phylum}}

In evolutionary biology, and especially paleontology, Chengjiang is noted for soft-tissue fossil finds, of the Maotianshan Shales, dated less than 518 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion, which "are as spectacular as the Burgess Shale fauna, and significantly older."{{cite book | last = Sterelny| first = Kim| author-link = Kim Sterelny | title= Dawkins Vs Gould: Survival of the Fittest |year=2007 | publisher=Icon Books| location = Cambridge, U.K. |isbn=978-1-84046-780-2 | page=116 }} Also {{ISBN|978-1-84046-780-2}} These fossils are considered one of the most important fossil finds of the 20th century. They contain an exquisite degree of detail, cover a diverse range of fauna, and are significant in attempts to understand the evolution of life on Earth.{{cite book | last= Dawkins| first= Richard| author-link= Richard Dawkins |title= The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage To the Dawn of Life | url= https://archive.org/details/ancestorstalepil00dawk_657| url-access= limited| year= 2004 | publisher= Weidenfeld & Nicolson| location= London | isbn =0-297-82503-8 | page=[https://archive.org/details/ancestorstalepil00dawk_657/page/n77 77]}}{{cite web | url= http://www.fossilmall.com/Science/Sites/Chengjiang/Chengjiang.htm | title=Chengjiang Maotianshan Shales Fossils | publisher=Fossil Mall: Science Section (fossilmall.com) |access-date=2009-10-15}} In 2012, the Changjiang Fossil Site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The fossils were first discovered by Henri Mansuy and Jaques Deprat who described them in 1912, the year after Charles Walcott's initial publications on the Burgess Shale. It was not until 1984 that the true significance of the palaeontology of the region was realised by Hou Xian-guang, a professor at Yunnan University, Kunming, where he is director of the Research Center for Chengjiang Biota. Previously he was a professor at the Palaeontological Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing.

Chengjiang is an underdeveloped city having rich phosphate deposits above and below the formation holding the lagerstätte. They have been exploited in part through efforts that began at about the same time that Hou Xian-guang discovered the deposits that bear these exceptional fossils, with phosphate mining bringing in some 2/3 of the city's revenue in 2003. Efforts were made to close the region to mining in a bid to support the city's bid for listing as a World Heritage Site, given the scientific significance of the fossils. A consequence of this was renewed mining efforts in the region, which threatened the fossil-bearing strata due to erosion, slumping of overburden, and simple destruction by the mining efforts.

Chengjiang faces a dilemma between calls for preservation of the treasure trove of early Cambrian fossils, the economic reliance it has on the phosphate industry, and the difficulty of finding a balance between exploitation and restoration of the land while this is still possible.

Climate

{{Weather box|width=auto

|metric first=y

|single line=y

|collapsed = Y

|location = Chengjiang, elevation {{convert|1796|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)

|Jan high C = 16.9

|Feb high C = 19.0

|Mar high C = 22.5

|Apr high C = 25.1

|May high C = 25.7

|Jun high C = 25.6

|Jul high C = 25.4

|Aug high C = 25.6

|Sep high C = 24.1

|Oct high C = 21.6

|Nov high C = 19.2

|Dec high C = 16.5

|Jan mean C = 10.0

|Feb mean C = 12.0

|Mar mean C = 15.3

|Apr mean C = 18.3

|May mean C = 20.1

|Jun mean C = 21.1

|Jul mean C = 21.0

|Aug mean C = 20.7

|Sep mean C = 19.3

|Oct mean C = 16.8

|Nov mean C = 13.3

|Dec mean C = 10.2

|Jan low C = 5.4

|Feb low C = 6.8

|Mar low C = 9.9

|Apr low C = 12.9

|May low C = 15.8

|Jun low C = 17.9

|Jul low C = 18.0

|Aug low C = 17.6

|Sep low C = 16.3

|Oct low C = 13.8

|Nov low C = 9.4

|Dec low C = 6.2

|Jan record high C = 24.1 |Jan record low C = -2.0

|Feb record high C = 27.2 |Feb record low C = -0.1

|Mar record high C = 29.1 |Mar record low C = -4.0

|Apr record high C = 31.5 |Apr record low C = 3.2

|May record high C = 32.9 |May record low C = 6.7

|Jun record high C = 30.7 |Jun record low C = 10.9

|Jul record high C = 31.4 |Jul record low C = 12.7

|Aug record high C = 29.7 |Aug record low C = 11.7

|Sep record high C = 30.7 |Sep record low C = 7.4

|Oct record high C = 27.7 |Oct record low C = 5.4

|Nov record high C = 26.0 |Nov record low C = -1.9

|Dec record high C = 24.0 |Dec record low C = -4.4

|year high C= |year low C=

|year high F = |year low F =

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 23.1

|Feb precipitation mm = 10.9

|Mar precipitation mm = 19.1

|Apr precipitation mm = 25.8

|May precipitation mm = 78.2

|Jun precipitation mm = 160.3

|Jul precipitation mm = 202.1

|Aug precipitation mm = 162.4

|Sep precipitation mm = 114.5

|Oct precipitation mm = 79.4

|Nov precipitation mm = 32.6

|Dec precipitation mm = 16.3

|Jan humidity = 68

|Feb humidity = 61

|Mar humidity = 56

|Apr humidity = 57

|May humidity = 66

|Jun humidity = 77

|Jul humidity = 80

|Aug humidity = 79

|Sep humidity = 77

|Oct humidity = 78

|Nov humidity = 74

|Dec humidity = 73

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm

|Jan precipitation days = 4.7

|Feb precipitation days = 3.8

|Mar precipitation days = 5.2

|Apr precipitation days = 6.8

|May precipitation days = 11.4

|Jun precipitation days = 15.7

|Jul precipitation days = 19.6

|Aug precipitation days = 18.5

|Sep precipitation days = 14.0

|Oct precipitation days = 12.5

|Nov precipitation days = 5.1

|Dec precipitation days = 4.0

|year precipitation days =

|Jan sun = 205.5

|Feb sun = 205.9

|Mar sun = 236.4

|Apr sun = 237.8

|May sun = 206.3

|Jun sun = 133.4

|Jul sun = 120.2

|Aug sun = 138.4

|Sep sun = 123.0

|Oct sun = 127.9

|Nov sun = 177.9

|Dec sun = 182.2

|year sun =

| Jan percentsun = 61

| Feb percentsun = 64

| Mar percentsun = 63

| Apr percentsun = 62

| May percentsun = 50

| Jun percentsun = 33

| Jul percentsun = 29

| Aug percentsun = 35

| Sep percentsun = 34

| Oct percentsun = 36

| Nov percentsun = 55

| Dec percentsun = 56

| year percentsun =

|Jan snow days = 0.9

|Feb snow days = 0.5

|Mar snow days = 0.2

|Apr snow days = 0

|May snow days = 0

|Jun snow days = 0

|Jul snow days = 0

|Aug snow days = 0

|Sep snow days = 0

|Oct snow days = 0

|Nov snow days = 0.1

|Dec snow days = 0.4

|year snow days =

|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans |access-date=10 April 2023}}

{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=China Meteorological Administration |language = zh-hans | access-date =10 April 2023}}

}}

References

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20080905184937/http://www.yncj.gov.cn/ Chengjiang Official Website]

Category:County-level divisions of Yuxi

Category:World Heritage Sites in China

Category:Cities in Yunnan

Category:National Civilized City