Cheryl Dunye
{{short description|Liberian-American actress and director}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Cheryl Dunye
| image = Cheryl Dunye, Skype, Teddy Award 2016 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Dunye in 2016
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1966|5|13}}
| birth_place = Liberia
| death_date =
| death_place =
| alma_mater = Temple University (BA)
Rutgers University (MFA)
| occupation = {{flatlist|
- Filmmaker
- actress
}}
| years_active = 1990–present
| title =
| children = 2
| nationality =
| awards = 1995: Media Production Award; National Endowment for the Arts etc
| website = {{URL|cheryldunye.com}}
}}
Cheryl Dunye ({{IPAc-en|d|uː|n|ˈ|j|eɪ}};{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILzUvPnsDUI&t=20s|title=DocFilm Forum: Barbara Hammer & Cheryl Dunye|publisher=DocFilm Institute|date=April 28, 2017|access-date=April 13, 2022}} born May 13, 1966) is a Liberian-American film director, producer, screenwriter, editor and actress. Dunye's work often concerns themes of race, sexuality, and gender, particularly issues relating to black lesbians. She is known as the first out black lesbian to ever direct a feature film with her 1996 film The Watermelon Woman. She runs the production company Jingletown Films based in Oakland, California.{{Cite web|title=Jingletown Films|url=https://www.jingletownfilms.com/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=Jingletown Films|language=en-CA}}
Early life
Dunye was born in Monrovia, Liberia{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/cheryl_dunye|title = Cheryl Dunye - Rotten Tomatoes| website=Rotten Tomatoes }} and grew up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.{{Cite web|url = https://sdlgbtn.com/causes/2019/10/14/meet-lgbt-history-month-icon-cheryl-dunye|title = Meet LGBT History Month icon Cheryl Dunye|date = October 14, 2019|access-date = March 28, 2021|archive-date = November 12, 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211112045522/https://sdlgbtn.com/causes/2019/10/14/meet-lgbt-history-month-icon-cheryl-dunye|url-status = dead}} She first attended Michigan State University where she was in the political theory program due to her desire to make a change and have an impact on the world.{{Cite web|title=Director Cheryl Dunye Shares Her Film School Syllabus|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/freeze-frame-cheryl-dunye-interview|access-date=2021-12-06|website=W Magazine|date=March 12, 2021 |language=en}}
When she realized she could use media as a tool in her political activism, she ended up in the filmmaking program at Temple University in Philadelphia. She received her BA from Temple and her MFA from Rutgers University's Mason Gross School of Art.{{Cite web|url=http://cinema.sfsu.edu/people/faculty/cheryl-dunye|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018142710/http://cinema.sfsu.edu/people/faculty/cheryl-dunye|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 18, 2014|title=Cheryl Dunye {{!}} School of Cinema|website=cinema.sfsu.edu|language=en|access-date=June 23, 2017}} While at Temple University, Dunye made her first ever video project for her senior thesis which was a montage of images of things like newspapers that she had recorded and played over a reading of a poem by Sapphire called "Wild Thing."
Career
= Academics =
She has taught at the UCLA, UC Santa Cruz, Pitzer College, Claremont Graduate University, Pomona College, California Institute of the Arts, The New School of Social Research, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and San Francisco State University.{{cite web|url=http://cinema.sfsu.edu/people/faculty/cheryl-dunye|title=Cheryl Dunye|work=School of Cinema, San Francisco State University|publisher=San Francisco State University|access-date=March 5, 2015|archive-date=August 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815150220/http://cinema.sfsu.edu/people/faculty/cheryl-dunye|url-status=dead}}
= ''The Early Works of Cheryl Dunye'' =
Dunye began her career with six short films which have been collected on DVD as The Early Works of Cheryl Dunye.{{Citation
| last = Hardy
| first = Ernest
| title = Cheryl Dunye: Return of the Watermelon Woman
| newspaper = LA Weekly
| date = May 7, 2009
| url = http://www.laweekly.com/2009-05-07/film-tv/cheryl-dunye-return-of-the-watermelon-woman/
| access-date = April 27, 2010
| archive-date = October 6, 2012
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121006020401/http://www.laweekly.com/2009-05-07/film-tv/cheryl-dunye-return-of-the-watermelon-woman/
| url-status = dead
| last = Dunye
| first = Cheryl
| title = Janine, (1990) & She Don't Fade (1991)
| journal = FELIX: A Journal of Media Arts and Communication
| issue = 2
| year = 1992
| url = http://www.e-felix.org/issue2/Dunye.html
| access-date = April 27, 2010
}} Most of these videos feature the use of mixed media, a blurring of fact and fiction and explored issues relating to the director's experience as a black lesbian filmmaker. These films are early examples of "Dunyementaries," a self-coined blend of narrative and documentary techniques that Dunye describes as "a mix of film, video, friends, and a lot of heart."{{Cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/69293-the-early-works-of-cheryl-dunye-2496072290.html|title=The Early Works of Cheryl Dunye|date=January 21, 2009|website=PopMatters|language=en|access-date=February 13, 2019}}{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/womenexperimenta0000unse |title=Women and experimental filmmaking |date=2005 |publisher=Urbana : University of Illinois |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-252-03006-2 |editor-last=Petrolle |editor-first=Jean |pages=106 |editor-last2=Wexman |editor-first2=Virginia Wright}} These works, spanning from 1990 to 1994, explore themes of race, sexuality, family, relationships, whiteness, and the intricacies of white and black lesbian dating culture.Dunye, Cheryl. (Director). (1994). The Early Works of Cheryl Dunye [Motion picture on DVD]. United States: First Run Features. Dunye's early works were produced with a low budget and often starred Dunye herself as lead actress.{{Cite web|url=http://firstrunfeatures.com/cheryldunyedvd.html|title=The Early Works of Cheryl Dunye|website=firstrunfeatures.com|access-date=February 13, 2019|archive-date=February 24, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224004159/http://firstrunfeatures.com/cheryldunyedvd.html|url-status=dead}}
== ''Janine'' (1990) ==
"(Experimental documentary, 1990) The story of a black lesbian's relationship with a white, upper middle class high school girl." This experimental documentary follows Dunye's narration of her friendship with a high school classmate, Janine Sorelli. Dunye describes her crush on Janine that spanned from 9th to 12th grade. Dunye explains that Janine's wealthy middle class lifestyle made Dunye feel out of place and uncomfortable with her own identity. Their relationship ended after their senior year of high school when, after Dunye came out to Janine as gay, Janine's mother offered to pay for a doctor to "talk to somebody about [her] problems."
Dunye describes her experience working on Janine as an external expression of her personal struggles. Dunye says, "The issues I raise in Janine aren't easy ones, and I struggle with them daily. Rather than internalizing them, I put them in my videos." As Dunye says when discussing Janine, she finds it important to represent herself in her work "physically and autobiographically," and states that her work has two goals: to educate audiences unfamiliar with black lesbians and their communities and to empower and entertain other black lesbians through representation in her films.
== ''She Don't Fade'' (1991) ==
"(Experimental narrative, 1991) A self-reflexive look at the sexuality of a young black lesbian." This film follows the sexual pursuits of Shae Clarke, an African American lesbian. Clarke, played by Dunye, defines and readily demonstrates her "new approach to women."{{Cite web|title=Electronic Arts Intermix: She Don't Fade, Cheryl Dunye|url=https://www.eai.org/titles/she-don-t-fade|access-date=2021-12-07|website=www.eai.org}} The Criterion Channel describes it as "A smart, hilarious, and self-reflexive look at the sexuality of a young black lesbian."[https://www.criterionchannel.com/she-don-t-fade Criterion Channel review of She Don't Fade (1991)], criterionchannel.com. Accessed December 5, 2023.
== ''Vanilla Sex'' (1992) ==
"(Experimental documentary, 1992)." This three-minute experimental documentary features Dunye's voice in conversation with an offscreen character, played over photography and found footage. Dunye's narration describes the different meanings of the term vanilla sex which, to white lesbians, meant sex without toys while, to black lesbians, meant sex with white women. Dunye uses the opportunity to explore and discuss the different meanings of such a term in two different contexts between the white and black lesbian communities.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
== ''An Untitled Portrait'' (1993) ==
== ''The Potluck and the Passion'' (1993) ==
== ''Greetings from Africa'' (1994) ==
"(Narrative, 1994) Cheryl, playing herself, humorously experiences the mysteries of lesbian dating in the 90s." Greetings From Africa (1994) is a narrative short film featuring Dunye as Cheryl, a young adult black lesbian working to navigate the complicated world of lesbian dating in the 90s. The film opens with Cheryl narrating in front of a camera about her efforts to get back into the dating scene while attempting to avoid the common pitfall of lesbian serial monogamy. After this opening, Cheryl meets L, a white woman, at a party. L and Cheryl hit it off, and soon meet for a date. Before their date, Cheryl and a friend discuss L, mentioning that Cheryl's friend knew someone had recently seen L at the African American studies department office at a nearby school. Later, after Cheryl has not heard from L for a few days, she attends a party hoping to see L there. Cheryl strikes up a conversation with another black queer woman at the party. Cheryl is surprised to find the woman is not L's old roommate, as L had told Cheryl, but rather her girlfriend. The film concludes with Cheryl reading a greeting card from L with the tagline, "Greetings from Africa." The postcard reads that L has joined the Peace Corps and was currently living and working on the Ivory Coast in Africa. This film explores themes of black fetishization as L is depicted to have had multiple relationships with black women, also implied by her presence at the African American Studies Department and her final postcard labelled, "Greetings From Africa."
= ''The Watermelon Woman'' (1996) =
File:Cheryl Dunye, Radar Reading Series, San Francisco Public Library (June 2016).jpg (2016)]]
Her feature film debut was The Watermelon Woman (1996), an exploration of the history of black women and lesbians in film.{{Citation
|last = Keough
|first = Peter
|title = Slice of life — The Watermelon Woman refreshes
|newspaper = The Phoenix
|date = May 8, 1997
|url = http://www.bostonphoenix.com/alt1/archive/movies/reviews/05-08-97/THE_WATERMELON_WOMAN.html
|access-date = April 27, 2010
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090604010613/http://www.bostonphoenix.com/alt1/archive/movies/reviews/05-08-97/THE_WATERMELON_WOMAN.html
|archive-date = June 4, 2009
|url-status = dead
}} "[It] has earned a place in cinematic history as the first feature-length narrative film written and directed by out black lesbian about black lesbians."{{Cite journal|last=Richardson|first=Matt|date=2011|title=Our Stories Have Never Been Told: Preliminary Thoughts on Black Lesbian Cultural Production as Historiography in The Watermelon Woman.|jstor=10.2979/blackcamera.2.2.100|journal=Black Camera|volume=2|issue=2|pages=100–113|doi=10.2979/blackcamera.2.2.100|s2cid=144355769}} In 1993 Dunye was doing research for a class on black film history, by looking for information on black actresses in early films. Many times the credits for these women were left out of the film. Frustrated by a lack in the archives, Dunye created a fictional character, Fae Richards, and constructed an archive for that character. Thus, Dunye utilized fiction and the arts to address gaps she noted in official records. She decided that she was going to use her work to create a story for black women in early films. The film's title is a play on the Melvin Van Peebles's film The Watermelon Man (1970). Dunye then used the creative archival material to curate events to raise funds and show progress to donors.
In the film, the protagonist Cheryl, played by the director, is an aspiring black lesbian filmmaker attempting to bring about the history of black lesbians in cinematic history while attempting to produce her own work because "our stories have never been told." Cheryl the protagonist becomes fascinated by an actress she finds in a movie called Plantation Memories and decides she wants to learn everything there is to know about the actress listed only as "Watermelon Woman" in the credits of the film.{{Cite journal|last=Michel|first=Frann|date=Summer 2007|title=Eating the (M)Other: Cheryl Dunye's Feature Films and Black Matrilineage.|url=http://www.rhizomes.net/issue14/michel/michel.html|journal=Rhizomes: Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge|access-date=February 1, 2016}} The story explores the difficulty in navigating archival sources that either excludes or ignores black queer women working in Hollywood, particularly that of actress Fae Richards whose character bore the name that provides the title for the film. In conducting research for the film, Dunye utilized the Library of Congress and materials on Ira Jeffries in the Lesbian Herstory Archives, which was parodied as the Center for Lesbian Information and Technology (C.L.I.T.) in the film.{{Cite journal |last1=Bryan-Wilson |first1=Julia |last2=Dunye |first2=Cheryl |date=2013 |title=Imaginary Archives: A Dialogue |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43188602 |journal=Art Journal |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=82–89 |doi=10.1080/00043249.2013.10791037 |jstor=43188602 |issn=0004-3249|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite web |last=Hermann |first=Burkely |date=2022-06-28 |title=Creating Your Own History: Archival Themes in The Watermelon Woman |url=https://reviews.americanarchivist.org/2022/06/28/creating-your-own-history-archival-themes-in-the-watermelon-woman/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=The American Archivist Reviews Portal |language=en}} Dunye and photographer Zoe Leonard collaborated to stage and construct The Fae Richards Photo Archive, 1993-1996 to be used in the film. The series was used to fundraise for the film's production through a sale at A.I.R. Gallery, and appeared in the 1997 Whitney Biennial.{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Walter |date=March 19, 1997 |title=The 1997 Whitney Biennial: A First Look |url=http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/news/97biennial/robinson3-19-97.asp |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=Artnet}} In 2016, the film was restored and rereleased widely for its 20th anniversary and resides in the permanent cinema collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.{{Cite web|title=Cheryl Dunye|url=https://www.jingletownfilms.com/cheryl-dunye|access-date=2021-12-07|website=Jingletown Films|language=en-CA}}
== Production ==
Dunye conceived of the film while conducting research for a class on black film history. Frustrated by the lack of archival material about Black actresses in early Hollywood, she created a fictional character, Fae Richards, and constructed an archive for that character. Dunye used fiction and the arts to address these gaps and tell the untold stories of Black women in film.
The film was produced on a modest budget of approximately $300,000, with funding from sources including the National Endowment for the Arts and private donors.{{Cite book |last=B. Ruby Rich |title=New Queer Cinema: The Director's Cut |date=2013 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=9780822354284 |pages=249}} To help finance production, Dunye and photographer Zoe Leonard collaborated to create The Fae Richards Photo Archive, 1993-1996, which was used to stage fundraising events, including a sale at A.I.R. Gallery. The film was shot in Philadelphia and features a mix of documentary-style interviews and fictional storytelling.
== Plot and Themes ==
In the film, the protagonist Cheryl, played by Dunye, is an aspiring black lesbian filmmaker attempting to uncover the history of black lesbians in Hollywood. She becomes fascinated by an actress she finds in a 1930s film titled Plantation Memories, who is only credited as "Watermelon Woman." Cheryl embarks on a journey to uncover the actress's true identity, revealing the erasure of Black queer women from cinematic history. The film explores archival exclusion, Black lesbian identity, and the intersection of race, gender, and sexuality in film.
== Reception and Legacy ==
Upon its release, The Watermelon Woman received critical acclaim for its innovative storytelling and exploration of underrepresented identities. The film premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival and won the Teddy Award for Best Feature Film, an accolade given to LGBTQ+ films.{{Cite book |last=Kagan |first=Jeremy |title=Directors Close Up: Interviews with Directors Nominated for Best Film by the Directors Guild of America |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0810858548}}
The film was praised for blending documentary and fiction to address historical erasure. Critics noted its self-reflexive approach to film history, with The New York Times calling it "a groundbreaking work of independent queer cinema."{{Cite news |last=Holden |first=Stephen |title=FILM REVIEW; A Black Lesbian's Bittersweet Quest |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/21/movies/film-review-a-black-lesbian-s-bittersweet-quest.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 21, 1997}} However, it also faced controversy; in 1996, the film was targeted by conservative politicians in the U.S. after it was revealed that the National Endowment for the Arts had partially funded its production.{{Cite news |last=Eaton |first=Katherine |title=NEA Under Fire Again for Funding Lesbian-Themed Film |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-04-26-ca-63036-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=April 26, 1996}}
== Restoration and Re-release ==
In 2016, to commemorate its 20th anniversary, The Watermelon Woman was restored in 2K resolution by the Outfest UCLA Legacy Project, with funding from the Andy Warhol Foundation and the Film Foundation. The restoration was screened at international film festivals and added to the permanent cinema collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.{{Cite web|title=Cheryl Dunye|url=https://www.jingletownfilms.com/cheryl-dunye|access-date=2021-12-07|website=Jingletown Films|language=en-CA}} The film continues to be widely taught in courses on film studies, gender studies, and African American studies, reinforcing its legacy as a landmark in queer and Black cinema.
= ''Stranger Inside'' (2001) =
Dunye's second feature is the HBO produced television movie Stranger Inside based on the experiences of African-American lesbians in prison.{{Citation
| last = Marcus
| first = Lydia
| title = Cell Out
| journal = The Advocate
| pages = 54
| date = July 3, 2001
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-mIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA54
| access-date = April 27, 2010
}} The film had a budget of $2 million and was released in theaters as well as on their network.{{Cite journal|last=St John|first=Maria|date=Summer 2004|title=" 'Making Home/Making "Stranger': An Interview with Cheryl Dunye."|url=https://www.jstor.org|journal=Feminist Studies|access-date=January 30, 2016}}
The film deals with a young woman and juvenile offender named Treasure (Yolonda Ross), who seeks to build a relationship with her estranged mother by getting transferred to the same prison facility once she becomes an adult.
Dunye became interested in exploring motherhood within imprisonment in Stranger Inside by the birth of her daughter and Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.{{Cite journal|last=Wilkinson|first=Kathleen|date=February 2002|title=Arresting Her Audience|url=http://connection.ebscohost.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408120157/http://connection.ebscohost.com/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 8, 2011|journal=Lesbian News|access-date=February 29, 2016}} Additionally, Dunye was interested in the topic of incarcerated women through Angela Davis's work and the Critical Resistance's Creating Change conference at University of California, Berkeley. In a 2004 issue of Feminist Studies, Dunye discussed some of her inspiration and purpose for the film, particularly how these women make prison a home. "In approaching this piece," Dunye says, "I was interested in how connected a lot of these women are to the outside world and how they find that balance to being an inmate, being a mother, being a member of a family or a clan, or a group that got them in--one that they support or have to support. It puts these women in many different spaces at the same time. But one space that they have to call home is this institution: the prison."{{Cite journal|last1=John|first1=Maria St.|last2=Dunye|first2=Cheryl|date=January 1, 2004|title=Making Home/Making "Stranger": An Interview with Cheryl Dunye|jstor=20458966|journal=Feminist Studies|volume=30|issue=2|pages=325–338|doi=10.2307/20458966|hdl=2027/spo.0499697.0030.205|hdl-access=free}} Dunye did extensive research into women's prisons and extended this research process to the cast and crew during preproduction, like visiting actual women's prisons.
Dunye conducted a screenwriting workshop modeled after Rhodessa Jones's Medea Project: Theater for Incarcerated Women during her research. The workshop consisted of Dunye working with 12 incarcerated women from the Shakopee Correctional Facility in Minnesota; this partnership was commissioned through the Walker Art Center during Dunye's time as the center's Artist in Residence. Catherine Opie took mug shots of the people involved in the film's production, though few of the photographs were actually featured in the final cut due to pressure from HBO. Dunye looked to understand the interpersonal relationships in prison and their use as a means of survival. The collaborative project of the script was then performed in live readings by the twelve workshop participants and presented at the prison. By the time of the release of the film, seven of these women were released and were able to attend a screening at the Walker Center. Those that had not yet completed their sentences were able to view the film at the Shakopee Women's Facility as the film was screened there as well. A live reading performed by professional actors was recorded by the Walker Centre and was showcased at festivals and contributed to the successful funding and production of the film.
= ''Black is Blue'' (2014) =
Dunye's short film Black Is Blue (2014) screened at over 35 festivals, after great traction and funding from the Tribeca Film Institute. The short film tells the story of Black, an African American trans man, who works as a security guard inside an apartment complex in present-day Oakland, California. On the night of a 'stud party,' Black is forced to confront his pre-transition past, struggling to make his outside match his inside.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
= Other works =
Taking a turn from self-written lesbian-focused films, she directed My Baby's Daddy starring Eddie Griffin, Michael Imperioli, and Anthony Anderson in 2004, although a character in the film turns out to be lesbian.{{Citation
| last = Harvey
| first = Dennis
| title = My Baby's Daddy
| newspaper = Variety
| date = January 11, 2004
| url = https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117922802.html?categoryid=31&cs=1&p=0
| access-date = April 27, 2010}}
She directed The Owls, co-written with novelist Sarah Schulman, which made its debut at the Berlin International Film Festival. The film is about a group of "Older, Wiser Lesbians" (an acronym of which provides the title) who accidentally kill a younger woman and try to cover it up.{{Citation
| last = Felperin
| first = Leslie
| title = The Owls
| newspaper = Variety
| date = February 21, 2010
| url = https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117942266.html?categoryid=31&cs=1
| access-date = April 27, 2010}}
The cast includes Guinevere Turner and V. S. Brodie, who had appeared together in the 1994 lesbian-themed film Go Fish and The Watermelon Woman, as well as Dunye, Lisa Gornick, Skyler Cooper, and Deak Evgenikos.
In 2010, Dunye's feature script Adventures in the 419, also co-written with Schulman, was selected as one of the works-in-progress films in the Tribeca All Access program during the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival.{{Citation
| last = Williams
| first = Janette
| title = Local filmmaker heading to Tribeca film fest
| newspaper = Pasadena Star-News
| date = April 3, 2010
| url = http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/news/ci_14814489
| access-date = April 27, 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120229083401/http://www.pasadenastarnews.com/news/ci_14814489
| archive-date = February 29, 2012
| url-status = dead
| last = Knegt
| first = Peter
| title = Tribeca All Access Sets 24 Projects For Seventh Edition
| newspaper = indieWire
| date = March 22, 2010
| url = https://www.indiewire.com/article/tribeca_all_access_sets_24_projects_for_seventh_edition/
| access-date = April 27, 2010}}
The film is set in Amsterdam and is about 419 scams among the immigrant community. A television adaptation of the film is currently in the works. Her romantic comedy Mommy is Coming was nominated for Best Feature Film at the 2012 Berlin Film Festival.{{Citation|last=Dunye|first=Cheryl|title=Mommy Is Coming|date=2012-03-08|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2170509/?ref_=ttawd_awd_tt|type=Comedy, Romance|publisher=Jürgen Brüning Filmproduktion|access-date=2021-12-07}} She has expressed interest in adapting some literary works from Octavia Butler and Audre Lorde.
= Television =
In 2017, Dunye had her TV directorial debut with Ava DuVernay's Queen Sugar "as part of DuVernay's initiative to create opportunities for female film directors to enter the field of Television." She directed two episodes in its second season and in 2019 she served as the Producing Director of season 4. Her other episodic directing credits include Claws (TNT), The Fosters (Freeform), Love Is (OWN), The Chi (Showtime), Star (FOX), Dear White People (Netflix), David Makes Man (OWN), All Rise (CBS), Delilah (OWN), Lovecraft Country (HBO), Y: The Last Man (FX), and The Umbrella Academy (Netflix).{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}
Influences
Dunye cites numerous influences that have contributed to her work including that of Chantal Akerman, Woody Allen, Spike Lee, and Jean-Luc Godard but notes that Jim McBride's David Holzman's Diary (1967) and Charles Burnett's Killer of Sheep (1977) are some of the "most powerful" influences on her.{{Cite book|title=Women of Vision: Histories in Feminist Film and Video|year=2001|url=https://archive.org/details/womenvisionhisto00juha|url-access=limited|last=Juhasz|first=Alexandra|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenvisionhisto00juha/page/n305 291]–304}}
Her first video, Wild Thing, was an experimental adaptation of the live reading by the black lesbian author and poet Sapphire. Some of the other literary figures that Dunye recalls include Harriet Jacobs, Toni Morrison, Audre Lorde and Fannie Hurst. Notably she has remarked that her work often brings to mind, American experimental filmmaker Barbara Hammer. In terms of style and documentary filmmaking, she says that some of the most influential films for her are the works of Michelle Parkerson including her documentary about Audre Lorde and her film Stormé: The Lady of the Jewel Box. For Stranger Inside, Dunye has said that both the adaptations and the novel Imitation of Life played a major part in the mood of the film.
Style
In Stranger Inside, Dunye mixes documentary and fiction, as some of the background actors were actual former inmates. The film was first conceived as a documentary feature, and it employs documentary techniques, but Dunye felt that a narrative approach would better suit the subject matter.
Personal life
Dunye is a lesbian.{{cite web |title=Cheryl Dunye — Director, Screenwriter, Film & Media Maker |url=http://www.cheryldunye.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613134507/http://www.cheryldunye.com/ |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |access-date=June 30, 2007 |work=official website |publisher=Cheryl Dunye}} She has two children. As of 2012, she resides with her spouse in Oakland, California.{{Cite web|last=Stein|first=Ruthe|date=June 7, 2018|title=Filmmaker Cheryl Dunye on the front lines of black lesbian experience|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/movies/article/Filmmaker-Cheryl-Dunye-on-the-front-lines-of-12973914.php|access-date=November 3, 2020|website=SFChronicle.com|language=en-US}} In 2018, Dunye created her production company, Jingletown Films, named after the neighborhood of Jingletown in Oakland that she once lived in. According to the company's website, its goal is to provide a platform for storytellers and filmmakers that are people of color and/or queer and to be a space for diverse artists to thrive and have their voices heard.
Filmography
=Director=
==Film==
- Janine (1990) (10 minutes, Videotape, Experimental Documentary)
- She Don't Fade (1991) (24 minutes, Videotape, Experimental Documentary)
- Vanilla Sex (1992) (4 minute, Videotape, Video Montage)
- An Untitled Portrait (1993) (3.5 minute, Videotape, Video Montage)
- The Potluck and the Passion (1993) (22 minute, Videotape, Experimental Narrative)
- Greetings from Africa (1995) (8 minutes, 16mm, b&w, color, sound)
- The Watermelon Woman (1996) (85 minutes, color, Narrative Feature)
- Stranger Inside (2001) (TV) (97 minutes, TV movie)
- My Baby's Daddy (2004) (86 minutes, Narrative Feature)
- The Owls (2010) (66 minutes, Thriller)
- Mommy is Coming (2012) (64 minutes, Romantic Comedy)
- Black Is Blue (2014) (21 minutes, Short)
==Television==
class="wikitable" | |
Year
! Title ! Notes | |
---|---|
2017–19
| 4 episodes | |
2018
| Episode: "Line in the Sand" (S5) | |
2018–21
|2 episodes | |
2018
| Love Is | Episode: "(His) Answers" (S1) | |
2018
| Star | Episode: "All Falls Down" (S3) | |
2019
| The Chi | Episode: "A Leg Up" (S2) | |
2019
| Episode: "I Have Got You" (S1) | |
2019
| Episode: "Volume 3: Chapter V" (S3) | |
2019
| 3 episodes | |
2019–21
| All Rise | 3 episodes | |
2020
|2 episodes | |
2020
| Episode: "Strange Case" (S1) | |
2021
| Delilah | 2 episodes | |
2021
|Episode: "1970s: The Vanguard of Struggle" (S1) | |
2021
| Episode: "Peppers" (S1) | |
2022
| 2 episodes | |
2022
| 2 episodes | |
2022
| Episode: "Atomic" (S1) | |
2022
| Manifest | Episode: "Rendezvous" (S4) | |
2022–23
| 2 episodes | |
2022–24
| 2 episodes | |
2024
| Episode: "The Case of the Dandelion Shrine" (S1) | |
2025
| You | Episode: "Folie a Deux" (S5) |
=Actress=
- She Don't Fade (1991) as "Shae Clark"
- Greetings from Africa (1995) as "Cheryl"
- The Watermelon Woman (1996) as "Cheryl"
- The New Women (2000) as "Phaedra"
- The Owls (2010) as "Carol"
- Mommy is Coming (2012) as "Cabby"
- Dropping Penny (2018) as "Alpha Donna"
=Editor=
- She Don't Fade (1991)
- Vanilla Sex (1992)
- The Watermelon Woman (1996)
=Writer=
- She Don't Fade (1991)
- The Watermelon Woman (1996)
- Stranger Inside (2001)
- Turnaround (2002)
- The Owls (2010)
- Mommy is Coming (2012)
- Black is Blue (2014)
- Brother from Another Time (2014)
Awards
- 1991: Fine Cut Winner Independent Images: TV 12 WHYY Inc.
- 1995: Artist Mentor Residency Award Film Video Arts Inc.
- 1995: Media Production Award; National Endowment for the Arts
- 1995: Vito Russo Filmmaker Award; New York Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Film Festival
- 1995: Ursula Award; Hamburg Lesbian & Gay Film Festival
- 1996: Audience Award at LA Outfest for Outstanding narrative feature - The Watermelon Woman
- 1996: Teddy Award at the Berlin International Film Festival for Best feature film - The Watermelon Woman
- 1996: Audience Award Créteil International Women's Film Festival
- 1996: Audience Award; Torino International Gay & Lesbian Film Festival
- 1997: Biennial Anonymous Was A Woman Award; Whitney Museum of American Art
- 1998: The Rockefeller Foundation Award; The Rockefeller Foundation
- 2000: Best Director Award; Girlfriends
- 2001: Audience Award at LA Outfest
- 2001: Audience Award from the Philadelphia Film Festival, and the Audience Award from the San Francisco International Film Festival.
- 2001: Special Jury Award from the Miami Gay and Lesbian Film Festival - Stranger Inside
- 2001: Audience Award for best narrative feature - Stranger Inside
- 2002: Audience Award and Special Mention at the Créteil International Women's Film Festival for Stranger Inside
- 2002: London International Lesbian and Gay Film Festival; Best Feature Award
- 2002: Lifetime Achievement Award Girlfriends
- 2004: Community Vision Award; National Center for Lesbian Rights
- 2016: The Guggenheim Fellowship Award; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
- 2020: Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series; Black Reel Awards for Television - Dear White People
- 2022: Cinema Eye Legacy Award - The Watermelon Woman{{Cite web|title=Cheryl Dunye|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0243109/awards|access-date=2021-12-07|website=IMDb}}
- 2023: Brudner Prize, Yale University{{Cite web |title=2023-24 Brudner Prize Awarded to Cheryl Dunye {{!}} Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies |url=https://lgbts.yale.edu/news/2023-24-brudner-prize-awarded-cheryl-dunye |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=lgbts.yale.edu}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- {{Cite book|editor-last1=Juhasz|editor-first1=Alexandra|title=Women of Vision: Histories in Feminist Film and Video|publisher=University of Minnesota Press|date =2001|location=Minneapolis, Minnesota |isbn =978-0816633715}}
- Kumbier, Alana (2014). [http://litwinbooks.com/queering-archive.php Ephemeral Material: Queering the Archive]. {{ISBN|978-1-936117-51-2}}
- Mauceri, Marc (1997). Lavender Limelight: Lesbians in Film.
- [http://pzacad.pitzer.edu/~mma/teaching/MS80/readings/dunye.pdf Interview with Dunye] (Chapter 18 of a book)
External links
- [https://www.jingletownfilms.com/cheryl-dunye Official site]
- {{IMDb name|0243109}}
- [http://phillygaycalendar.com/pages/video.php?id=209 Video Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929000356/https://phillygaycalendar.com/pages/video.php?id=209 |date=September 29, 2018 }} with Cheryl Dunye at QFest 2010
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20140513021658/https://www.cca.edu/academics/faculty/cdunye Cheryl Dunye] at the California College of the Arts
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Directing, Comedy Series}}
{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Directing, Drama Series}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dunye, Cheryl}}
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