Chhapra
{{Short description|City in Bihar, India}}
{{About|the municipality in Bihar, India|its namesake district|Saran District}}
{{Use Indian English||date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chhapra
| native_name = Chaparā
| native_name_lang = hi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Rajendra College Chhapra.jpg | photo2a = Chhapra Railway Station built under Nitish Kumar.jpg | size = 280 | spacing = 1 | position = centre | border = 0 | color = white }}
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Rajendra College, Chapra
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Chapra in Bihar
| coordinates = {{coord|25.7848|N|84.7274|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_type3 = Division
| subdivision_type4 = District
| subdivision_type5 = Ward
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Bihar_Government_Banner.png}} Bihar
| subdivision_name3 = Saran
| subdivision_name4 = Saran
| subdivision_name5 = 45
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = Mayor–Council
| governing_body = Chhapra Municipal Corporation
| leader_title1 = Mayor
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 36
| elevation_ft =
| population_total = 201597
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban = 212955
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Chaprahiya
| demographics_type1 = Language
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = Hindi{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=Ministry of Minority Affairs|access-date=9 March 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = Urdu
| demographics1_title3 = Regional
| demographics1_info3 = Bhojpuri{{cite web |title=Bhojpuri |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/bho |website=Ethnologue |access-date=22 September 2020 |language=en}}
| timezone1 = IST
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Pincode(s)
| postal_code = 84120X
| area_code = +91-(0)6152
| area_code_type = Area Code(s)
| registration_plate = BR-04
| blank1_name_sec1 = Sex ratio (2011)
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1015(females per 1000 males){{cite web|url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/167-chapra.html|title=Chapra City Census 2011 data|website=www.census2011.co.in}} ♂/♀
| website = {{URL|saran.bih.nic.in}}
{{url|chapra.biharurban.in}}
| footnotes =
| unemployment_rate =
| leader_title2 = Deputy Mayor
| leader_name2 = Ragini Devi
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy (2011)
| blank2_info_sec1 = 81.30%
| blank3_name_sec1 = Lok Sabha constituencies
| blank3_info_sec1 = Saran
| blank4_name_sec1 = Vidhan Sabha constituencies
| blank4_info_sec1 = Chapra (118)
| blank5_name_sec1 =
| blank5_info_sec1 =
| blank4_name_sec2 = Avg. annual temperature
| blank4_info_sec2 = {{convert|26|°C|°F}}
| blank5_name_sec2 = Avg. summer temperature
| blank5_info_sec2 = {{convert|32|°C|°F}}
| blank6_name_sec2 = Avg. winter temperature
| blank6_info_sec2 = {{convert|20|°C|°F}}
}}
Chhapra (ISO: Chaparā) is a city and headquarters of the Saran District in the Indian state of Bihar. It is situated near the junction of the Ghaghara River and the Ganges River.
Chhapra grew in importance as a river-based market in the 18th century when the Dutch,{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaalarchief.nl/amh/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=en&id=6089|title=Atlas of Mutual Heritage|first=Atlas of Mutual|last=Heritage|website=www.nationaalarchief.nl}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://www.nationaalarchief.nl/amh/detail.aspx?page=dafb&lang=en&id=6086|title=Atlas of Mutual Heritage|first=Atlas of Mutual|last=Heritage|website=www.nationaalarchief.nl}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} French, Portuguese, and English established saltpeter refineries in the area. It was recognised as a municipality in 1864.{{citation needed|date=July 2015}} The major railway station is Chhapra Junction. There is a well known{{cite web|url=http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-ambika-bhavani-shaktipeeth-glory-of-bihars-saran-4760575-PHO.html|title=जानिए बिहार के तीन शक्तिपीठों में से एक सारण की अंबिका भवानी की महिमा|date=29 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809231817/http://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-ambika-bhavani-shaktipeeth-glory-of-bihars-saran-4760575-PHO.html|archive-date=9 August 2016}} Shaktipeeth temple in Chhapra named Ambika Bhavani.
Geography
Chhapra is located at {{Coord|25.7848|N|84.7274|E}}.{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Chapra.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Chapra, India|website=www.fallingrain.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510123722/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/34/Chapra.html|archive-date=10 May 2008}} It has an average elevation of {{convert|36|m}}.
India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/chhapra-to-get-states-first-double-decker-flyover/articleshow/64952909.cms|title=Chhapra to get Bihar's first double-decker flyover|work=The Times of India}} This 3.5 km long double-decker flyover from Bhikhari Chowk to Bus Stand,{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1171010/jsp/bihar/story_177206.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712123632/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1171010/jsp/bihar/story_177206.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2018|title=Two-deck flyover cost: Rs 411cr}} is being constructed at the cost of {{INR}} 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).{{cite news |title=CM to open highway at Chhapra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/cm-to-open-highway-at-chhapra/articleshow/64922648.cms |access-date=27 December 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=10 July 2018 |language=en}}{{Cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712085400/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp | url-status=dead | archive-date=12 July 2018 |title = Chhapra road bounty}} It is longer than the 1.8 km double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road.{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/saran-to-beat-mumbai-marvel-238608|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712090328/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/saran-to-beat-mumbai-marvel-238608|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2018|title=Saran to beat Mumbai marvel}} Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of in July 2018. It is estimated to be completed before 2026.{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/flyover-first-on-lalu-s-once-turf-244184|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712092037/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/bihar/flyover-first-on-lalu-s-once-turf-244184|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 July 2018|title=Flyover first on Lalu's once turf}}
Climate
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location =Chhapra
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan high C = 23.1
| Feb high C = 25.8
| Mar high C = 31.0
| Apr high C = 35.1
| May high C = 35.0
| Jun high C = 34.9
| Jul high C = 32.5
| Aug high C = 32.8
| Sep high C = 32.5
| Oct high C = 31.6
| Nov high C = 29.0
| Dec high C = 24.8
| year high C =
| Jan low C = 9.2
| Feb low C = 11.0
| Mar low C = 15.1
| Apr low C = 19.1
| May low C = 21.2
| Jun low C = 22.9
| Jul low C = 23.8
| Aug low C = 24.2
| Sep low C = 23.8
| Oct low C = 21.2
| Nov low C = 15.8
| Dec low C = 10.6
| year low C =
| Jan precipitation mm = 13.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 14.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 9.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 29.0
| May precipitation mm = 76.0
| Jun precipitation mm = 139.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 353.0
| Aug precipitation mm = 254.0
| Sep precipitation mm = 193.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 73.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 6.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 7.0
| year precipitation mm =
| date = November 2011
}}
Demographics
As per 2011 census, Chapra Urban Agglomeration had a population of 212,955.{{cite web | url =http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title =Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work =Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date =16 April 2012 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date =13 November 2011}} Chapra Urban Agglomeration includes Chapra (Nagar Panchayat) and Sandha (Census Town).{{cite web | url =http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title =Constituents of urban Agglomerations Having Population 1 Lakh & above | work =Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date =16 April 2012 | url-status =live | archive-url =http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20160617063229/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | archive-date =17 June 2016}} Chapra Nagar Panchayat had a total population of 201,597, out of which 106,250 were males and 95,347 were females. It had a sex ratio of 897 females to 1000 males. The population in the age range of 0–6 years was 27,668. The effective literacy rate of those aged 7 years and older in Chhapra was 81.30% as of 2011.{{cite web | url =http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title =Cities having population 1 lakh and above | work =Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | access-date =16 April 2012 | url-status =live | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120507135928/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | archive-date =7 May 2012}}
= Religion =
{{bar box|width = 300px
|barwidth = 250px |cellpadding="0"
|title=Religion in Chhapra city (2011)
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Per cent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Hinduism|DarkOrange|81.45}}
{{bar percent|Islam|Green|18.11}}
{{bar percent|Others|Black|0.44}}}}Hinduism is the largest religion in Chhapra city with 1,64,811 Hindus (81.45%). Islam is the second largest religion in Chhapra city with 36,639 Muslims (18.11%). Other religions includes 219 Christians (0.11%), 100 Jains (0.05%), 55 Sikhs (0.03%), 14 Buddhists (0.01%), 514 did not answer (0.25%).{{Cite web |title=Chapra City Population 2022 - Sex Ratio, Population Density, Literacy |url=https://www.indiacensus.net/city/chapra |access-date=13 July 2022 |website=www.indiacensus.net |language=en-US}}
Notable people
File:Swami Adbhutananda.jpg|Adbhutananda
File:Akhilendra Mishra.jpg|Akhilendra Mishra
File:Bhikhari Thakur.jpg|Bhikhari Thakur
File:Anand milind 20988 hnsmhard Igjnldia howcroed.jpg|Anand–Milind
File:Jayaprakash Narayan (cropped2).jpg|Jayaprakash Narayan
File:Khan Bahadur Moulvi Khuda Bakhsh.png|Khuda Bakhsh
File:Ramchandra Manjhi.jpg|Ramchandra Manjhi
File:Rajiv Pratap Rudy PIB (cropped).jpg|Rajiv Pratap Rudy
- Adbhutananda, Hindu monk, disciple of Ramakrishna
- Akhilendra Mishra, Bollywood actor
- Anand–Milind, music director
- Bhikhari Thakur, Bhojpuri language poet and singer
- Brajkishore Prasad, national activist
- Chitragupta (composer), music director
- Daroga Prasad Rai, 10th Chief Minister of Bihar
- Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian independence activist
- Khuda Bakhsh 1842–1908, Indian lawyer, judge, historian and founder of Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, Patna
- Mahendar Misir, Bhojpuri poet
- Raghuveer Narayan, Bhojpuri poet
- Rajiv Pratap Rudy, Minister of State (Independent Charge) Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
- Ramchandra Manjhi, Bhojpuri folk dancer
- Surur Hoda, Socialist leader and Order of British Empire (OBE) recipient
- Syed Afzal Abbas, senior Janata Dal (United) politician
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://www.chapra.in/ chapra.in] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403112900/http://www.chapra.in/ |date=3 April 2016 }}
{{Saran district}}
{{Railways in Bihar}}