Chi Eta Phi

Chi Eta Phi Sorority Nursing Sorority was founded on October 16, 1932, at Freedman's Hospital School of Nursing in Washington D.C., now known as Howard University Hospital.{{Cite book |last=Starnes |first=Richard D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6FYmyTNM174C&q=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22 |title=Organizing Black America: An Encyclopedia of African American Associations |date=2003-12-16 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-58122-0 |editor-last=Mjagkij |editor-first=Nina |pages=139–140 |language=en |chapter=Chi Eta Phi |via=Google Books}}{{Cite book |last=Members of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ef1gPf7IiBgC&dq=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PR9 |title=The Nurse in the Kitchen |date=2010-04-09 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4520-5914-3 |location=Bloomington, Indiana |pages=ix-x |language=en |via=Google Books}} The organization's foundation was based on concerns, at that time, which regarded restrictions in the employment of black nurses to segregated facilities and hospitals, and menial positions where there was little to no chance of advancement in the profession. African Americans were also unable to join most professional organizations. The Chi Eta Phi founders sought to encourage African Americans to pursue a career in nursing and to enhance the status of Black nurses.

The charter chapter, Alpha, was founded and organized by Ailene Carrington Ewell, RN, with the assistance of eleven other black registered nurses, collectively known as the "Jewels".{{Cite book |last=Stokes |first=Lillian G. |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vIfdwgZrbnAC&dq=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA78 |title=Nursing Leadership: A Concise Encyclopedia |date=2011-12-19 |publisher=Springer Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-8261-2177-6 |editor-last=Feldman |editor-first=Harriet R. |edition=2nd |location=New York |pages=77–78 |language=en |chapter=Chi Eta Psi Sorority, Incorporated |via=Google Books}} The founders were:{{Cite web |date=1997-11-22 |title=Chi Eta Phi Chapter Marks Founders Day |url=https://greensboro.com/chi-eta-phi-chapter-marks-founders-day/article_b42d80ce-9bda-5563-b43d-403a12b29d28.html |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Greensboro News and Record |language=en}}"[https://dh.howard.edu/fhsn_pub/1 History of the Freedmens Hospital School of Nursing]" (June 1973). Freedmen's Hospital School of Nursing Publications. 1, pp. 41-42. Washington, D.C.- via Howard University

{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|

• Clara E. Beverly
• Lillian Mosely Boswell
• Gladys Louise Catchings
• Bessie Foster Cephas
• Henrietta Smith Chisholm
• Susan Elizabeth Freeman
• Ruth Turner Garrett
• Olivia Larkins Howard
• Mildred Wood Lucas
• Clara Belle Royster
• Katherine Chandler Turner

}}The sorority was incorporated in the District of Columbia in May 1932. Its first executive secretary was Mabel Keaton Staupers.{{Cite journal |date=September 1, 1986 |title=Society World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrMDAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA31 |journal=JET |volume=70 |issue=24 |page=31 |issn=0021-5996 |via=Google Books}}

Originally, the sorority's membership was limited to female Black nurses. Members offered local health screenings, provided health education, raised funds to provide scholarships for nursing students, and provided those in need within their communities with clothing, food, and money.{{Cite book |last=Pollitt |first=Phoebe Ann |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLSaCwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA89 |title=African American and Cherokee Nurses in Appalachia: A History, 1900-1965 |date=2016-02-19 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-2216-3 |pages=89 |language=en |via=Google Books}} The sorority also raised funds to start and operated a health clinic in Monrovia, Liberia.

Chi Eta Phi became affiliated with the National Council of Negro Women.{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Althea T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gWhf3WFS-FsC&dq=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA55 |title=Early Black American Leaders in Nursing: Architects for Integration and Equality |date=1999 |publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning |isbn=978-0-7637-1009-5 |page=55 |language=en |via=Google Books}} Under the leadership of the Building Fund chair, Thelma Harris, the sorority purchased its national headquarters building at 3029 13th Street in Washington, D.C., in 1971. That same year, the sorority established the Board of Directors of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc., which held its first meeting in November 1971. In August 1973, the sorority and the American Nurses Association added a monument to the grave of Mary Eliza Mahoney, considered the first Black professional nurse in the United States.

The sorority welcomed its first male member in 1977.{{Cite web |title=Theta Chi Chapter {{!}} About Us |url=https://www.thetachi1965.org/history |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Theta Chi Chapter Chi Eta Phi Sorority |language=en}} Today, Chi Eta Phi is a professional organization, rather than a sorority, and its membership is no longer restricted by race or gender.{{Cite book |last=Hein |first=Eleanor C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0T7rwHSyNTgC&dq=%22Chi+Eta+Phi%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA126 |title=Nursing Issues in the 21st Century: Perspectives from the Literature |date=2001 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-0-7817-3017-4 |page=126 |language=en}} It belongs to the American Nurses Association's Nursing Organizational Liaison Forum. In 2010, it had initiated 8,000 members and had formed 90 graduate chapters and 50 undergraduate chapters.

The name Chi Eta Phi was chosen for its Greek letters which stand for Character, Education, and Friendship. The sorority's colors are pea green and lemon yellow. Its flower is the white chrysanthemum with ivy. Its mascot is the turtle, chosen because it is determined, persevering, a risk taker, sure-footed, and purposefully directed.{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=Mascot |url=https://chietaphi.org/mascot/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc |language=en-US}} Its motto is "Service for Humanity".

Its journal, The Glowing Lamp, connects to the symbol used to represent Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing. The organization's crest is topped by the glowing lamp and features the Cadueceus, the staff carried by Hermes, the herald of the Greek gods who oversaw art of healing or medicine.

The sorority's programs focus on health promotion/disease prevention, leadership development, mentoring, recruitment, retention, and scholarship. These programs include national, regional, and local conferences, seminars, and workshops; consumer health education programs throughout different communities; leadership development programs/summits focusing on continuing education; recruitment and retention of nursing students; and award recognition of outstanding nurses.

The organization has relationships with many civic, professional, and educational groups including the American Nurses' Association, the National Council of Negro Women, the United Negro College Fund, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the Adolescent Pregnancy Child Watch program. Its members also volunteer for Student Nurses Tutorial Project.

Chi Eta Phi's publications include:{{Cite web |date=2021-12-07 |title=Publications |url=https://chietaphi.org/publications/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc |language=en-US}}

• Chi Line, semi-annual newsletter
• The Glowing Lamp, Journal of Chi Eta Phi Sorority, annual peer-reviewed

Charles Dawson, artist and residence at the Tuskegee Institute and curator of the George Washington Carver Museum designed the cover of The Glowing Lamp. The sorority has also published a few books:

• The History of the Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc.1932–1967 (1968)
• Mary Eliza Mahoney, America's First Black Professional Nurse (1986) {{ISBN|978-0935087130}}
• Lillian H. Harvey 1912-1994: A Short Biography (1996) {{ISBN|0-9625901-0-X}}
• The History of the Chi Eta Phi Sorority, Inc.: Vol. II 1968–1997 (1998)
• The Nurse in the Kitchen (2010) {{ISBN|978-1449065492}}

Membership in Chi Eta Phi is by invitation and is both active and honorary. Membership is open to nursing students and registered professional nurses. Membership is not restricted by race, gender, or ethnicity.

{{Main|List of Chi Eta Phi chapters}}

The graduate and undergraduate (Beta) chapters are grouped into five regions according to geographic areas. Over 101 graduate and 41 undergraduate chapters have been formed across the United States, in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, and in Monrovia, Liberia.

• Margaret E. Bailey, United States Army Nurse Corps colonel.
• Gladys L. Catchings (Alpha, 1932), nurse, hospital administrator, and nurse educator"Outstanding nurses honored at ANA Convention in Hawaii". AORN Journal. 28 (3): 416–417. 1978-09-01. doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(07)61633-0. ISSN 1878-0369.
• Mary Starke Harper (1996), nurse who worked in bedside nursing, nurse research and health policy
• Mary Eliza Mahoney (Alpha, 1979, posthumous honorary), first Black professional nurse in the United States
• Estelle Massey Osborne (Omicron, honorary), nurse and educator{{Cite book |last1=Feldman |first1=Harriet R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nMGsf_YFZRYC&pg=PA397 |title=Nursing Leadership: A Concise Encyclopedia, Second Edition |last2=Alexander |first2=G. Rumay |date=2011-12-19 |publisher=Springer Publishing Company |isbn=978-0-8261-2176-9 |page=397 |language=en |via=Google Books}}
• Lula Warlick, nurse, educator, and nursing administrator

{{Reflist}}{{Professional Fraternities}}

{{Nursing}}

Category:Student organizations established in 1932

Category:Professional fraternities and sororities in the United States

Category:1932 establishments in Washington, D.C.

Category:Nursing organizations in the United States