Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park#Park areas

{{short description|Preserved battlefields of the American Civil War in Georgia and Tennessee, United States}}

{{Infobox protected area

| name = Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park

| photo = Cannon Row.jpg

| photo_caption = Cannon Row

| photo_width =

| map = Tennessee#USA

| map_caption = Location in Tennessee##Location in United States

| relief = 1

| map_width =

| location = Catoosa, Dade, & Walker County, Georgia & Hamilton County, Tennessee, United States

| nearest_city = Chattanooga, Tennessee

| coordinates = {{coords|34|56|24|N|85|15|36|W|display=inline, title}}

| area_acre = 9,523

| area_ref = {{NPS area |year=2020 |accessdate=2021-08-15}}

| established = August 19, 1890

| visitation_num = 1,021,822

| visitation_year = 2023

| visitation_ref = {{NPS visitation|accessdate=2024-09-23}}

| governing_body = National Park Service

| website = [https://www.nps.gov/chch/ Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park]

{{Infobox NRHP

| name = Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park

| embed = yes

| nrhp_type = hd

| nocat = yes

| location = S of Chattanooga on U.S. 27, Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia

| locmapin =

| built = 1890

| builder = United States War Department, National Park Service

| architecture = Bungalow/Craftsman, Single-pen log cabin

| added = October 15, 1966

| refnum = 66000274{{NRISref|version=2010a}}

}}

}}{{Use American English|date=May 2021}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2021}}File:Battlefield 9.jpg at the Chickamauga Battlefield unit]]

Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, located in northern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee, preserves the sites of two major battles of the American Civil War: the Battle of Chickamauga and the Siege of Chattanooga. A detailed history of the park's development was provided by the National Park Service in 1998.{{cite web|url={{NRHP url|id=66000274}} |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park |author=Jill K. Hanson and Robert W. Blvthe |date=February 10, 1998 |publisher=National Park Service}} and {{NRHP url|id=66000274|title=more than 100 accompanying photos|photos=y}}

History

Starting in 1890, during the decade, the Congress of the United States authorized the establishment of the first four national military parks: Chickamauga and Chattanooga, Shiloh, Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

The first and largest of these ({{convert|abbr=on|5,300|acre|0|disp=or}}), and the one upon which the establishment and development of most other national military and historical parks was based, was authorized in 1890 at Chickamauga, Georgia and Chattanooga, Tennessee. It was officially dedicated in September 1895.Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) It owes its existence chiefly to the efforts of Generals Henry V. Boynton and Ferdinand Van Derveer, both veterans of the Union Army of the Cumberland, who saw the need for a federal park to preserve and commemorate these battlefields."Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, pages 14-15. Another early proponent and driving force behind the park's creation was Ohio General Henry M. Cist, who led the Chickamauga Memorial Society in 1888. Franklin Guest Smith, a former Union officer still on active duty, served as secretary and member of the board of commissioners from 1893 until his 1903 military retirement, and served in the same role as a civilian until 1908.{{cite book |editor-last=Suter |editor-first=J. L. |date=1908 |title=District of Columbia: Concise Biographies of Its Prominent and Representative Contemporary Citizens |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjRMAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA434 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Potomac Press |page=434 |via=Google Books}} Another former Union officer, Charles H. Grosvenor, was chairman of the park commission from 1910 until his death in 1917. During the Park's early years, it was managed by the War Department and used for military study as well as a memorial. The National Park Service took over site management in 1933."Saving History for Generations: The Creation of the First Civil War Military Park", Hallowed Ground, Fall 2013, Vol.14, no. 3, page 15.

Use during the Spanish–American War

The newly created Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park was used during the Spanish–American War as a major training center for troops in the southern states. The park was temporarily renamed "Camp George H. Thomas" in honor of the union army commander during the Civil War battle at the site. The park's proximity to the major rail hub at Chattanooga and its large tracts of land made it a logical marshalling area for troops being readied for service in Cuba and other points south.{{cite news |title=The Troops at Chickamauga, Park now called Camp George H. Thomas |newspaper=The New York Times |date=April 23, 1898 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/04/23/archives/the-troops-at-chickamauga-park-now-called-camp-george-h-thomas.html |access-date=2010-02-01}}{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4856 |title=Spanish–American War |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Arkansas |access-date=2010-02-01}}

Park areas

The military park consists of four main areas, and a few small isolated reservations, around Chattanooga.

Chickamauga Battlefield
Missionary Ridge
Lookout Mountain Battlefield and Point Park
Moccasin Bend

On October 15, 1966, as with all historic areas already administered by the National Park Service, the military park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

On February 20, 2003, Public Law No: 108-7 added Moccasin Bend as a new unit of the park. Moccasin Bend Archaeological District, designated a National Historic Landmark on September 8, 1986, is directly across the Tennessee River from Lookout Mountain. It is significant due to its archaeological resources of American Indian settlement. There are currently minimal visitor services at Moccasin Bend, including two hiking trails (the Blue Blazes Trail and the Browns Ferry Road) and a ten-acre meadow. Each of these areas is open to the public. The park anticipates further development, land restoration, and visitor services in the years to come.{{cite web|title=Visit|url=http://moccasinbendpark.org/visitor-information/|website=Friends of Moccasin Bend|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412082008/http://moccasinbendpark.org/visitor-information/|archive-date=12 April 2016|url-status=dead}}

File:View of Chattanooga and Moccasin Bend from the Lookout Mountain unit.jpg

References

External links

{{Official website |1=http://www.nps.gov/chch/}}
Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park (Ga. and Tenn.) Commission: Louisiana Committee Photographs (Mss. 4504), Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. (accessed 26 January 2015) http://www.louisianadigitallibrary.org/cdm/search/collection/LSU_CNP
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation:
{{HAER |survey=GA-95 |id=ga0761 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Fort Oglethorpe, Catoosa County, GA |photos=54 |dwgs=15 |data=9 |cap=4 |link=no}}
{{HAER |survey=GA-95-A |id=ga1060 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Alexander's Bridge |photos=10 |dwgs=2 |data=15 |cap=1 |link=no}}
{{HAER |survey=GA-95-B |id=ga1061 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Connecting Roadway |photos=4 |data=2 |cap=1 |link=no}}
{{HAER |survey=GA-95-C |id=ga1062 |title=Chickamauga National Military Park Tour Roads, Gordon's Slough Bridge |photos=4 |dwgs=2 |data=9 |cap=1 |link=no}}
{{HAER |survey=TN-36 |id=tn0298 |title=Chattanooga National Military Park Tour Roads, Chattanooga, Hamilton County, TN |photos=32 |data=2 |cap=3 |link=no}}