Chiemsee
{{Short description|Freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany}}
{{for multi|the municipality|Chiemsee (municipality)|the bishopric|Bishopric of Chiemsee}}
{{Infobox lake
| name = Chiemsee
| image = LakeChiemsee.jpg
| caption = Satellite view of the Chiemsee
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = Bavaria
| coords = {{coord|47|53|24|N|12|28|12|E|region:DE_type:waterbody_scale:500000|display=inline,title}}
| type = Natural lake
| inflow = Tiroler Achen, Prien
| outflow = Alz
| catchment =
|pushpin_map=Bavaria
| basin_countries = Germany
| length =
| width =
| area = {{convert|79.9|km2|abbr=on}}
| depth =
| max-depth = {{convert|72.7|m|abbr=on}}
| volume = {{convert|2048|e6m3|abbr=on}}
| residence_time =
| shore = {{convert|63.96|km|abbr=on}}
| elevation = {{convert|518.19|m|abbr=on}}
| frozen =
| islands = Herreninsel, Fraueninsel, Krautinsel, Schalch
| cities =
| reference =
| embedded = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_date = 26 February 1976
| designation1_number = 95{{Cite web|title=Chiemsee|website=Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/95|access-date=25 April 2018}}}}
}}
Chiemsee ({{IPA|de|ˈkiːmzeː|audio=De-Chiemsee.ogg}}) is a freshwater lake in Bavaria,{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Chiemsee|volume=6|page=132}} Germany, near Rosenheim. It is often called "the Bavarian Sea". The rivers Tiroler Achen and Prien flow into the lake from the south, and the river Alz flows out towards the north. The Alz flows into the Inn which then merges with the Danube. The Chiemsee is divided into the bigger, north section, in the northeast, called {{lang|de|Weitsee}}, and the {{lang|de|Inselsee}}, in the southwest.
The Chiemgau, the region surrounding the Chiemsee, is a popular recreation area.
{{clear|left}}
Origin
The Chiemsee was formed, like many other pre-alpine lakes, at the end of the last ice age about 10,000 years ago from a hollow carved out by a glacier (a {{lang|de|Zungenbecken}}). Originally the lake covered an area of almost {{convert|240|sqkm|abbr=on}}, which is about three times its present area. Within 10,000 years its area had shrunk to around {{convert|80|sqkm|abbr=on}}. Before 1904 the water level was lowered by about a metre. As a result, large areas of dry land were reclaimed.{{Cn|date=January 2021}}
Islands
There are three main islands on the lake: Herreninsel ("gentlemen's island"), the largest, with an area of {{convert|238|ha}}; Frauenchiemsee, {{convert|15.5|ha|abbr=on}}, also called Fraueninsel ("ladies' island"); and the uninhabited Krautinsel ("cabbage island"), {{convert|3.5|ha|abbr=on}}, called by this name because in the Middle Ages it was cultivated with cabbages and other vegetables.{{cite web|url=http://www.bgfu.de/kunden/bgfu/bgfu.nsf/0/0c72a4bb3f9d0712c12570ed0049cd29 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2015-06-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217083850/http://www.bgfu.de/kunden/bgfu/bgfu.nsf/0/0c72a4bb3f9d0712c12570ed0049cd29 |archive-date=2015-12-17 }}
- Herreninsel has a palace built by King Ludwig II in 1878 called {{lang|de|Herrenchiemsee}}, which was never completed but was meant to be a replica of the Palace of Versailles. Many of its rooms are open to tourists; tours of the palace and its extensive grounds are conducted throughout the summer.
- Frauenchiemsee, the smaller of the two main islands, houses a Benedictine nunnery, built in 782, as well as a small village. The nuns make a liquor called {{lang|de|Klosterlikör}} ("cloister liquor") and marzipan (almond paste).
The smallest island in the lake is the {{lang|de|Schalch}} {{convert|66|m|abbr=on}} west of Frauenchiemsee, which is of square outline, with a side length of only {{convert|4.7|m|abbr=on}} or an area of {{convert|22|m²|abbr=on}}. This tiny island had probably been created artificially to mark a shallow spot for sailboats. There is a willow on the island, originally planted in 1935, and replaced by a young tree in the 2000s.{{cn|date=January 2018}}
File:chiemsee010.jpg|View across the Chiemsee with the Chiemgau Alps in the background
File:Chiemsee Fraueninsel 323.jpg|Herreninsel with the former Monastery "Kloster Herrenchiemsee" [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_Herrenchiemsee]
File:Aerial image of the Fraueninsel.jpg|Fraueninsel with Monastery "Frauenchiemsee" [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloster_Frauenchiemsee] in the foreground
File:Chiemsee021.jpg|Krautinsel with (right) a small part of the Herreninsel island and in the background the Chiemgau Alps
AFRC Lake Hotel
On 1 September 1938 the first Autobahn rest house opened on the A8 on the outskirts of Bernau am Chiemsee on the lake’s southern shore. From 1945 until 2 September 2003 the building served as an Armed Forces Recreation Center for the US military, called the Lake Hotel.{{Cite web|url=https://www.stripes.com/news/afrc-resort-at-chiemsee-closes-its-doors-1.11018|title = AFRC resort at Chiemsee closes its doors}} The building is now an orthopaedic clinic.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons}}
- {{Lakes Germany 2004|Chiemsee|Bavaria|page=17}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Ramsar sites in Germany