China State Shipbuilding Corporation

CSSC is one of the top 10 defence groups in China.{{Cite news |last=Allen-Ebrahimian |first=Bethany |date=24 June 2020 |title=Defense Department produces list of Chinese military-linked companies, 20 years after mandate |url=https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html |access-date=24 June 2020 |website=Axios |language=en |archive-date=25 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625220923/https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html |url-status=live }} It consists of various shipyards, equipment manufacturers, research institutes and shipbuilding-related companies that build both civilian and military ships. It owns some of the most well known shipbuilders in China, such as Dalian Shipbuilding Industry Company, Jiangnan Shipyard, Hudong–Zhonghua Shipbuilding, Guangzhou Huangpu Shipbuilding{{Cite web|url=https://www.trusteddocks.com/shipyards/5234-cssc-guangzhou-huangpu-shipbuilding-co-ltd|title=Shipyard – CSSC GUANGZHOU HUANGPU SHIPBUILDING CO., Ltd|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710122433/https://www.trusteddocks.com/shipyards/5234-cssc-guangzhou-huangpu-shipbuilding-co-ltd|url-status=live}} and Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard.{{Cite web|url=https://www.trusteddocks.com/shipyards/5280-guangzhou-wenchong-shipyard-new-buildings|title=Shipyard – Guangzhou Wenchong Shipyard (New Buildings)|access-date=10 July 2021|archive-date=10 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710122433/https://www.trusteddocks.com/shipyards/5280-guangzhou-wenchong-shipyard-new-buildings|url-status=live}} Its subsidiary, China CSSC Holdings Limited ({{SSE|600150}}), is listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and in turn owns other subsidiaries including Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding.{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinasws.com/component_general_situation/index.php?typeid=10&sonid=1|title=About Us|access-date=23 October 2019|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725124634/http://www.chinasws.com/component_general_situation/index.php?typeid=10&sonid=1|url-status=dead}} As of 2024, CSSC builds a third of all ships in the world, making it the world's biggest shipbuilding conglomerate.{{Cite news |last=Waterfield |first=Bruno |date=26 December 2022 |title=Chinese fleet of militarised ships 'a threat to trade' |language=en |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/chinese-fleet-militarised-ships-threat-trade-taiwan-386v50q3g |access-date=27 December 2022 |issn=0140-0460 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227223824/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/chinese-fleet-militarised-ships-threat-trade-taiwan-386v50q3g |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |date=3 September 2024|title=China’s 2 largest shipyards plan to merge to create the world’s biggest builder |language=en |work=South China Morning Post |url=https://www.scmp.com/business/china-business/article/3277066/chinas-two-largest-shipyards-plan-merge-create-worlds-biggest-builder}} All CSSC ships are built to military specifications, according to Chinese government doctrine.

In 1964, the Sixth Ministry of Machine Building was createdCollins and Grubb, pg. 6 to oversee China's shipbuilding enterprises, which were predominantly engaged in military work.Medeiros et al., pg. 113 In July 1982,Collins and Grubb, pg. 7 as part of defence industry reforms and "defence conversions", the ministry was converted into the China State Shipbuilding Corporation. CSSC remained under state control but was permitted to operate with "a degree of market-based economic autonomy".Collins and Grubb, pg. 5 CSSC shifted the industry's focus to commercial work; by 1992, 80% of output was to the civilian sector, and in 1993 half of the commercial output was for export.Collins and Grubb, pg. 8

In the late 1990s, economic reforms broke up state-owned monopolies and introduced "a limited amount of free-market competition" to improve the efficiency of defence industries.Collins and Grubb, pg. 9–10Medeiros et al., pg. 114 In July 1999, the China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) was spun off from CSSC. The shipbuilding industry was divided roughly along geographical lines: CSSC retained assets in the east and south,Medeiros et al., pg. 117 and CSIC gained control in the northeast and inland.Medeiros et al., pg. 120 Both reported to the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC). CSSC emerged as the smaller entity.Medeiros et al., pg. 121 Enterprises not affiliated with either conglomerate included shipyards owned by the People's Liberation Army (PLA), provinces, municipalities, foreign joint ventures, and Chinese shipping companies.Collins and Grubb, pg. 9Medeiros et al., pg. 115–116

Preparations for merging CSIC and CSSC date back to at least 2010, when Hu Wenming became CSSC's party secretary, in anticipation of an industry decline.{{Cite news |last1=Minnie |first1=Chan |title=Merger of China's shipbuilding giants gets the green light |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3034695/merger-chinas-shipbuilding-giants-gets-green-light |website=South China Morning Post |date=26 October 2019 |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026090126/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3034695/merger-chinas-shipbuilding-giants-gets-green-light |archive-date=26 October 2019}} Hu was a strong supporter of the merger; he was CSSC chairman from 2012 to 2015, and then CSIC chairman from March 2015 until his retirement in August 2019 because of corruption.{{Cite news |author=Zi Yang |title=The Invisible Threat to China's Navy: Corruption |url=https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/the-invisible-threat-to-chinas-navy-corruption/ |website=The Diplomat |date=19 May 2020 |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326220340/https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/the-invisible-threat-to-chinas-navy-corruption/ |url-status=live }} The decision to merge the conglomerates may have influenced not only by a slowing economy,{{cite web |last1=Nouwens |first1=Meia |title=Is China's shipbuilding merger on course? |url=https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2020/09/china-shipbuilding-merger |website=International Institute for Strategic Studies |date=4 September 2020 |access-date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=31 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131011418/https://www.iiss.org/blogs/military-balance/2020/09/china-shipbuilding-merger |url-status=live }} but also the discovery of widespread corruption in CSIC and Hu's involvement in it.{{Cite news |title=Ex-Chairman of CSIC Under Investigation for Corruption |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/ex-chairman-of-csic-under-investigation-for-corruption |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=The Maritime Executive |language=en |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205035927/https://maritime-executive.com/article/ex-chairman-of-csic-under-investigation-for-corruption |url-status=live }}

The CSIC and CSSC merger was approved by SASAC in October 2019,{{cite news | first1 = Shin | last1 = Watanabe | url = https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Top-Chinese-shipbuilders-CSSC-and-CSIC-win-approval-for-merger | title = Top Chinese shipbuilders CSSC and CSIC win approval for merger | date = 26 October 2019 | location = Dalian, CH | journal = Nikkei Asian Review | access-date = 23 June 2020 | archive-date = 15 September 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230915115448/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Transportation/Top-Chinese-shipbuilders-CSSC-and-CSIC-win-approval-for-merger | url-status = live }}{{cite news | url = https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/beijing-gives-green-light-for-cssc-csic-merger | title = Beijing Gives Green Light for CSSC-CSIC Merger | date = 25 October 2019 | journal = The Maritime Executive | access-date = 23 June 2020 | archive-date = 16 June 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230616103301/https://maritime-executive.com/article/beijing-gives-green-light-for-cssc-csic-merger | url-status = live }} and occurred in November 2019; the combined entity took the CSSC name. The reorganization was complete by September 2020. The new entity was the world's largest shipbuilder with 20% global market share and {{US$|110}} billion in assets.

{{Further|United States sanctions against China}}

In November 2020, American entities were prohibited by U.S. Presidential Executive Order 13959 from owning shares in companies—including CSSC—linked to the PLA by the United States Department of Defense.{{Cite news|last=Chen|first=Shawna|date=12 November 2020|title=Trump bans Americans from investing in 31 companies with links to Chinese military|work=Axios|url=https://www.axios.com/china-military-trump-investments-ban-a0458e29-2245-4bde-920b-d1c6bc698370.html|access-date=12 November 2020|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028203620/https://www.axios.com/china-military-trump-investments-ban-a0458e29-2245-4bde-920b-d1c6bc698370.html|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last1=Pamuk|first1=Humeyra|last2=Alper|first2=Alexandra|last3=Ali|first3=Idrees|date=12 November 2020|title=Trump bans U.S. investments in firms linked to Chinese military|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-securities-exclusive-idUSKBN27S2X3|access-date=12 November 2020|archive-date=28 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028175811/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-securities-exclusive-idUSKBN27S2X3|url-status=live}}{{Cite news|last=Swanson|first=Ana|date=12 November 2020|title=Trump Bars Investment in Chinese Firms With Military Ties|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/12/business/economy/trump-china-investment-ban.html|access-date=13 November 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=13 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113000328/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/12/business/economy/trump-china-investment-ban.html|url-status=live}}

• Hu Chuanzhi, former CEO of the CSSC
• List of largest shipyards

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite report |last1=Collins |first1=Gabriel |last2=Grubb |first2=Michael C. |date=August 2008 |title=A Comprehensive Survey of China's Dynamic Shipbuilding Industry |series=China Maritime Studies |volume=1 |url=https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books/9/ |publisher=United States Naval War College |page= |access-date=5 January 2021 |archive-date=5 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805214914/https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cmsi-red-books/9/ |url-status=live }}
• {{cite book |last1=Medeiros |first1=Evan S. |last2=Cliff |first2=Roger |last3=Crane |first3=Keith |last4=Mulvenon |first4=James C. |date=2005 |title=A New Direction for China's Defense Industry |url=https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2005/RAND_MG334.pdf |location= |publisher=RAND Corporation |page= |isbn=0-8330-3794-3 |access-date=7 January 2021 |archive-date=11 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611145828/https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2005/RAND_MG334.pdf |url-status=live }}

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{{Commons category|China State Shipbuilding Corporation}}

• {{Official website}}

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