Chivu Stoica

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Chivu Stoica

|image = Chivu Stoica 1957.jpg

|caption = Chivu in 1957

|office = President of the State Council

|primeminister = Ion Gheorghe Maurer

|term_start = 24 March 1965

|term_end = 9 December 1967

|predecessor = Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

|successor = Nicolae Ceaușescu

|office1 = President of the Council of Ministers

|president1 = Petru Groza
Ion Gheorghe Maurer

|deputy1 = Emil Bodnăraș

|term_start1 = 21 October 1955

|term_end1 = 21 March 1961

|predecessor1 = Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

|successor1 = Ion Gheorghe Maurer

|office2 = First Vice President of the Council of Ministers

|primeminister2= Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

|term_start2 = 20 August 1954

|term_end2 = 4 October 1955

|successor2 = Emil Bodnăraș

|office3 = Minister of Industry{{Ref label |term|a|}}

|primeminister3= Petru Groza

|term_start3 = 15 April 1948

|term_end3 = 31 May 1952

|successor3 = {{ill|Carol Loncear|ro}}

|birth_date = {{birth date|1908|8|8|df=y}}

|birth_place = Smeeni, Buzău County, Kingdom of Romania

|death_date = {{Death date and age|1975|2|18|1908|8|8|df=y}}

|death_place = Bucharest, Socialist Republic of Romania

|death_cause = Suicide by firearm

|resting_place =

|resting_place_coordinates =

|party = Romanian Communist Party

|education =

|occupation = Boilermaker

|years_active =

|employer =

|organization =

|criminal_charges =

|criminal_penalty =

|criminal_status =

|spouse = {{Plainlist|

{{marriage |Ecaterina Micu-Chivu|end=div}}
Maria Manolescu-Chivu

}}

|children = 2

|parents =

|awards = {{Plainlist|

Order of the Crown of Romania, Grand Officer rank
Order of the Star of the Romanian People's Republic, 1st class
{{ill|Order of Labor (Romania)|lt=Order of Labor|ro|Ordinul Muncii}}, 1st class
{{ill|August 23 Order|ro|Ordinul „23 August”}}, 1st class
{{ill|Tudor Vladimirescu Order|de|Orden Tudor Vladimirescu}}, 1st class
Hero of the Socialist Republic of Romania

}}

|footnotes =

a. {{note|term}} Minister of Metallurgy and Chemical Industries from 23 November 1949

}}

Chivu Stoica (the family name being Chivu;{{cite web|url=http://www.contributors.ro/politica-doctrine/instinctul-si-ispita-nepmanul-ponta-intre-bolsevism-si-peronism/|title=Balta fetidă a minciunii: Nepmanul Ponta intre bolșevism și peronism|language=ro|access-date=June 12, 2014|last=Tismăneanu|first=Vladimir|author-link=Vladimir Tismăneanu}}{{cite web|url=http://www.portalulrevolutiei.ro/arhiva/2007_255.html|title=Dosarele de cadre ale Ceaușeștilor|language=ro|date= December 18, 2013|access-date=June 12, 2014}} 8 August 1908 – 18 February 1975) was a leading Romanian Communist politician, who served as the 48th Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Romania.

Early life

Stoica was born in Smeeni, Buzău County, the sixth child of a ploughman.{{in lang|ro}} Paula Mihailov Chiciuc, [http://www.jurnalul.ro/articol_57517/din_inaltul_ordin_al_partidului.html "Din înaltul ordin al partidului"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302040003/http://jurnalul.ro/articol_57517/din_inaltul_ordin_al_partidului.html |date=2014-03-02 }}, Jurnalul Național, July 18, 2006 At age 12, after 5 years of elementary school, he left home, and started working as an apprentice at Căile Ferate Române, the state railway corporation. In 1921, he moved to Bucharest, where he worked as a boilermaker at the Vulcan, Lemaître, and Malaxa companies. He joined the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ), serving as secretary for the Blue Sector of Bucharest until 1929. At the Malaxa works, he met Gheorghe Vasilichi, who recruited him into the Communist Party (PCR) in 1931.

Career

File:IICCR DA023 Craiova prison Dej Stoica Vasilichi Doncea Petrescu Rozemberg.jpg trials in the Craiova Prison yard. Top row, from the left: Gheorghe Vasilichi, Dumitru Petrescu, Constantin Doncea, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. Stoica is on the bottom row, to the right]]

In spring 1931, Stoica started working for the Grivița Railway Yards, where he met Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, Vasile Luca, and Constantin Doncea; together, they started organizing a strike. On 20 August 1934, he was sentenced to 15 years of prison for his role in the Grivița Strike of 1933.{{in lang|ro}} Stelian Tănase, [http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2002/current1/mi18.htm Dej – omul resentimentului] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010050430/http://www.itcnet.ro/history/archive/mi2002/current1/mi18.htm |date=2007-10-10 }}, from Magazin Istoric He spent time at the Aiud, Doftana, Târgu Ocna, Văcărești, and Caransebeș prisons. In 1935–1936 he was at Ocnele Mari Prison, together with Gheorghiu-Dej.{{citation|url=https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?articol=82146-comunisti-in-inchisoarea-de-la-ocnele-mari-1918-1938--buridava-studii-si-materiale-buridava--2-xii-2015|title=Comuniști în închisoarea de la Ocnele Mari (1918–1938)|lang=ro| first=Sorin|last=Oane|journal=Buridava. Studii și materiale| volume=XII|issue=2|year=2015|pages=66–78}} In 1940, his sentence was reduced to 9 years of hard labor. Later, the War Council of the 1st Army Corps pardoned him, but he was interned in the Târgu Jiu camp.{{cite news|url=https://adevarul.ro/stil-de-viata/magazin/misterul-sinuciderii-comunistului-chivu-stoica-in-2340885.html|title=Misterul sinuciderii comunistului Chivu Stoica în locuința din Primăverii: l-a șantajat pe Ceaușescu sau sifilisul i-a întunecat judecata|lang=ro|newspaper=Adevărul|first=Mariana|last=Iancu|date=February 18, 2024|access-date=March 6, 2024}} At the internment camp, he was close to Gheorghiu-Dej, who may have wanted Stoica to be his successor as General Secretary.

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-B0118-0010-073, Berlin, VI. SED-Parteitag, 4.Tag.jpg, 18 January 1963]]

He was a member of the Central Committee of the Romanian Workers' Party from 1945 to 1975, and a member of the Politburo. He was Prime Minister of Romania between 1955 and 1961 and President of the State Council of Romania (de facto head of state) from 1965 until 1967.

Stoica was awarded the Order of the Crown of Romania in the rank of Grand Officer (1947), the Order of the Star of the Romanian People's Republic, 1st class (1948, 1958), the {{ill|Order of Labor (Romania)|lt=Order of Labor|ro|Ordinul Muncii}}, 1st class (1959), the title of Hero of Socialist Labour and the Hammer and Sickle Gold Medal (1958), the {{ill|August 23 Order|ro|Ordinul „23 August”}}, 1st class (1959), the {{ill|Tudor Vladimirescu Order|de|Orden Tudor Vladimirescu}}, 1st class (1966), and the title of Hero of the Socialist Republic of Romania (1973).{{cite news|url=https://www.ziaruldeiasi.ro/stiri/delirul-lui-chivu-stoica--364698.html|title=Delirul lui Chivu Stoica|lang=ro| newspaper=Ziarul de Iași|first=Nichita|last=Danilov|date=October 9, 2023|access-date=March 6, 2024}}

Death

He died aged 66 at his residence in the exclusive Primăverii neighborhood of Bucharest. His death, by a Holland & Holland hunting rifle bullet to the head, was ruled a suicide.{{cite web|first= Lavinia|last= Betea|url= http://betea.ro/index.php/2015/10/12/zvonurile-epocii-de-aur/|title= Zvonurile 'epocii de aur'|trans-title= "Rumors from the 'Golden Age'|language= ro|newspaper= Jurnalul Național|date= January 15, 2007|access-date= January 3, 2021|archive-date= August 3, 2021|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210803221808/http://betea.ro/index.php/2015/10/12/zvonurile-epocii-de-aur/|url-status= dead}}

Family

Stoica had three wives. With the first one he had a daughter, Cornelia.{{cite news|url=https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-opinii-19932542-cine-fost-chivu-stoica-valetul-lui-gheorghiu-dej.htm|title=Cine a fost Chivu Stoica? Valetul lui Gheorghiu Dej|lang=ro|first=Vladimir| last=Tismăneanu|author-link=Vladimir Tismăneanu|work=HotNews|date=April 15, 2015|access-date=March 6, 2024}} His second wife was Ecaterina Micu-Chivu (née Klein), a communist activist who worked after 1947 for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Romanian–Soviet Institute, and the Red Cross, and was a professor at Politehnica University until 1955. The couple had a daughter, Ana; they also adopted a son, but later revoked the adoption.{{cite web|url=https://amintiridincomunism.wordpress.com/2015/02/17/erou-al-muncii-si-al-republicii-socialiste-romania-chivu-stoica/|title="Erou al muncii socialiste": Chivu Stoica|lang=ro|work=Aminitiri din comunism|date=February 17, 2015|access-date=March 6, 2024}} His third wife was Maria Chivu (née Manolescu), an engineer and a party and union activist.{{cite web|url=http://adevarul.ro/cultura/istorie/sinuciderea-chivustoica-consilierul-pacepa-traducatorul-savantei-lenuta-1_519b9db0c7b855ff56131de8/index.html|title="Sinuciderea" lui Chivu Stoica, consilierul Pacepa și traducătorul "savantei" Lenuța|newspaper=Adevărul|access-date=June 12, 2014|date=21 May 2013|last=Betea|first=Lavinia}}

References

External links

{{cite web| url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/article/RAPORT%20FINAL_%20CADCR.pdf|title= Final Report of the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania|language=ro|year=2006| pages=649–650}}

{{succession box

|before =Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

|title =President of Romania

| years = 24 March 1965–9 December 1967

| after =Nicolae Ceaușescu

}}

{{succession box

|before =Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

|title =Prime Minister of Romania

|years = 21 October 1955– 21 March 1961

|after=Ion Gheorghe Maurer}}

Category:1908 births