Chlorostilbon
{{short description|Genus of birds}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2021}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Blue-tailed Emerald - Ecuador S4E0715.jpg
| image_caption = Blue-tailed emerald
| taxon = Chlorostilbon
| authority = Gould, 1853
| type_species = Chlorostilbon prasinus{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=80 |title= Trochilidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-08-05}} = Trochilus pucherani
| type_species_authority = Gould, 1853
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
Chlorostilbon is a genus of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae, known as emeralds (as are some hummingbirds in the genera Amazilia and Elvira). A single species, the blue-chinned sapphire is variously placed in the monotypic genus Chlorestes or in Chlorostilbon. The taxonomy of the C. mellisugus superspecies is highly complex and, depending on view, includes 1-8 species. All species in this genus have straight black or black-and-red bills. The males are overall iridescent green, golden-green or bluish-green, and in some species the tail and/or throat is blue.{{Cite journal|last=Stiles|first=F. Gary|date=1996|title=A New Species of Emerald Hummingbird (Trochilidae, Chlorostilbon) from the Sierra de Chiribiquete, Southeastern Colombia, with a Review of the C. mellisugus Complex|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4163634|journal=The Wilson Bulletin|volume=108|issue=1|pages=1–27|jstor=4163634 |issn=0043-5643}} The females have whitish-grey underparts, tail-corners and post-ocular streak.
The genus Chlorostilbon was introduced in 1853 by the English ornithologist John Gould to accommodate a single species to which Gould gave the binomial name Chlorostilbon prasinus.{{ cite book | last=Gould | first=John | author-link=John Gould | year=1853 | title=A Monograph of the Trochilidae, or Family of Humming-Birds | volume=5 | location=London | publisher=self | at=Plate 355 and text (Part 5 Plate 14) | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34998935 }} The 5 volumes were issued in 25 parts between 1849 and 1861. Title pages of all volumes bear the date of 1861. This taxon is now considered as a subspecies of the glittering-bellied emerald Chlorostilbon lucidus pucherani.{{ cite book | editor-last=Peters | editor-first=James Lee | editor-link=James L. Peters | year=1945 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=5 | publisher=Harvard University Press | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=36 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14480047 }}{{ cite book | editor-last1=Dickinson | editor-first1=E.C. | editor1-link=Edward C. Dickinson | editor-last2=Remsen | editor-first2=J.V. Jr. | editor2-link=James Van Remsen, Jr. | year=2013 | title=The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World | volume=1: Non-passerines | edition=4th | location=Eastbourne, UK | publisher=Aves Press | isbn=978-0-9568611-0-8 | page=121 }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2023 | title=Hummingbirds | work=IOC World Bird List Version 13.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/hummingbirds/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=28 February 2023 }}
Species
The genus contains ten species:
{{Species table |genus= Chlorostilbon |authority-name=Gould|authority-year= 1853 |species-count=ten|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Garden emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon assimilis
|image=File:Garden Emerald JCB (cropped).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Lawrence|authority-year=1861 |authority-not-original=
|range= Costa Rica and Panama
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon assimilis map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Western emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus
|image=File:ChlorostilbonMelanorhynchusAC1.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Gould|authority-year= 1860 |authority-not-original=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus Esmeralda occidental Western Emerald (female) (7872568746).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|range= Colombia and Ecuador.
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Red-billed emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon gibsoni
|image=File:Chlorostilbon gibsoni macho (17186001392).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Red-billed Emerald (Chlorostilbon gibsoni) (8079740325).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Fraser |authority-year=1840 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Colombia and Venezuela
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon gibsoni map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on
|C. g. gibsoni
|C. g. chrysogaster
|C. g. nitens
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Blue-tailed emerald|binomial=Chlorostilbon mellisugus
|image=File:Blue-tailed Emerald - Ecuador S4E0715.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Linnaeus|authority-year= 1758 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Colombia east to the Guianas and Trinidad, and south to northern Bolivia and central Brazil
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon mellisugus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Seven subspecies |bullets=on
| C. m. caribaeus Lawrence, 1871
| C. m. duidae Zimmer, JT & Phelps, 1952
| C. m. subfurcatus Berlepsch, 1887
| C. m. mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758)
| C. m. phoeopygus (Tschudi, 1844
| C. m. napensis Gould, 1861
| C. m. peruanus Gould, 1861
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Chiribiquete emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon olivaresi
|image=|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Stiles |authority-year=1996 |authority-not-original=
|range= Colombia
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon olivaresi map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Glittering-bellied emerald|binomial=Chlorostilbon lucidus
|image=File:Chlorostilbon lucidus (Shaw, 1812) 3044739427.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Flickr - Dario Sanches - BESOURINHO-DE-BICO-VERMELHO fêmea (Chlorostilbon lucidus).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Shaw|authority-year= 1812 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon lucidus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Three subspecies |bullets=on
| C. l. pucherani (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1848)
| C. l. lucidus (Shaw, 1812)
| C. l. berlepschi Pinto, 1938
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Coppery emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon russatus
|image=File:Coppery Emerald.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Salvin & Godman|authority-year=1881 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Colombia and Venezuela
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon russatus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Narrow-tailed emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon stenurus
|image=|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Cabanis & Heine|authority-year= 1860 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Colombia and Venezuela
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon stenurus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Green-tailed emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon alice
|image=File:Chlorostilbon alice Green-tailed emerald; Aragua, Venezuela.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Bourcier & Mulsant |authority-year=1848 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Venezuela
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon alice map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=Short-tailed emerald |binomial=Chlorostilbon poortmani
|image=File:Chlorostilbon poortmani Esmeralda rabicorta Short-tailed Emerald (6491849779) (cropped).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Chlorostilbon poortmani 89804840.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Bourcier |authority-year=1843 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Colombia and Venezuela
|range-image=File:Chlorostilbon poortmani map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
|C. p. poortmani
|C. p. euchloris
}}
}}
{{Species table/end}}
Gallery
File:Chlorostilbon portmanni, Gould.jpg|Short-tailed emerald, by John Gould
File:Chlorostilbon lucidus.jpg|Glittering-bellied emerald
References
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Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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