Chlorothiazide

{{Short description|Chemical compound}}

{{Drugbox

| verifiedrevid = 460033034

| IUPAC_name = 6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide

| image = Chlorothiazide.svg

| image2 = Chlorothiazide-from-xtal-3D-balls.png

| tradename = Diuril, others

| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|chlorothiazide}}

| MedlinePlus = a682341

| pregnancy_US = C

| legal_US = Rx-only

| routes_of_administration = By mouth, IV

| bioavailability = low

| metabolism = Nil

| elimination_half-life = 45 to 120 minutes

| excretion = Renal

| synonyms = 6-Chloro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide-1,1-dioxide

| IUPHAR_ligand = 4835

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

| CAS_number = 58-94-6

| ATC_prefix = C03

| ATC_suffix = AA04

| PubChem = 2720

| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}

| DrugBank = DB00880

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 2619

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 77W477J15H

| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}

| KEGG = D00519

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEBI = 3640

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| ChEMBL = 842

| C=7 | H=6 | Cl=1 | N=3 | O=4 | S=2

| smiles = O=S(=O)(c1c(Cl)cc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C\N2)N

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/C7H6ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-3H,(H,10,11)(H2,9,12,13)

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

| melting_point = 342.5-343

}}

Chlorothiazide, sold under the brand name Diuril among others, is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ernst ME, Grimm J, Richard H | title = Thiazide diuretics: 50 years and beyond. | journal = Current Hypertension Reviews | date = November 2008 | volume = 4 | issue = 4 | pages = 256–65 | doi = 10.2174/157340208786241264 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Duarte JD, Cooper-DeHoff RM | title = Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics | journal = Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 793–802 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20528637 | pmc = 2904515 | doi = 10.1586/erc.10.27 }}

It is used both within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure. Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix). Working in a separate mechanism from furosemide and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another.

It was patented in 1956 and approved for medical use in 1958.{{cite book | vauthors = Fischer J, Ganellin CR |title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery |date=2006 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9783527607495 |page=456 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA456 |language=en}} It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}