Chochenyo language
{{short description|Spoken language of the Chochenyo people of California}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Chochenyo
| nativename = {{lang|cst|lisiánish}}
| states = United States
| ethnicity = Chochenyo people
| extinct = 1934, with the death of José Guzmán{{Cite web|url=http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2004/A_faith_in_words.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080404221853/http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2004/A_faith_in_words.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 4, 2008|title=California magazine|date=Apr 4, 2008|accessdate=Dec 18, 2019}}
| revived = from 2002
| revived-cat = Native American language revitalization
| familycolor = penutian
| fam1 = Yok-Utian
| fam2 = Utian
| fam3 = Ohlone
| fam4 = Northern
| fam5 = San Francisco Bay
| script = Latin
| iso3 = none
| iso3comment = (included in {{ethnolink|cst}} [cst])
| glotto = east2548
| glottorefname = East Bay [Costanoan]
| ELP = 7409
| ELPname = San Francisco Bay Costanoan (shared)
| map = File:Chochenyo_map.svg
| mapcaption = Map of Chochenyo varieties
| altname = Čočeño, East Bay
| region = California
}}
Chochenyo (also called Chocheño, Northern Ohlone and East Bay Costanoan) is the spoken language of the Chochenyo people. Chochenyo is one of the Ohlone languages in the Utian family.
Description and history
Linguistically, Chochenyo, Tamyen and Ramaytush are thought to have been dialects of a single language, but Tamyen and Ramaytush are very poorly attested. The speech of the last two native speakers of Chochenyo was documented in the 1920s in the unpublished fieldnotes of the Bureau of American Ethnology linguist John Peabody Harrington. The final native speaker of the language was José Guzmán who died in 1934 in Niles, California.
File:Ohlone_Spoken_Word.ogg presents in Chochenyo at the San Francisco Public Library]]
The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe, which (as of 2007){{Cite news |last=Ron Russell |date=2007-03-28 |title=The Little Tribe That Could. As descendants of San Francisco's aboriginal people, the Muwekma Ohlone Indian tribe seldom gets much respect. But that could be about to change. |url=https://www.sfweekly.com/archives/the-little-tribe-that-could/article_c2a92470-2ed3-5182-8c69-5145d73fe558.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225155543/https://www.sfweekly.com/archives/the-little-tribe-that-could/article_c2a92470-2ed3-5182-8c69-5145d73fe558.html |archive-date=2023-02-25 |accessdate=2024-05-14 |work=SF Weekly}} is petitioning for U.S. federal recognition, has made efforts to revive the language. As of 2004, "the Chochenyo database being developed by the tribe ... [contained] from 1,000 to 2,000 basic words."{{Cite news
| last = Kathleen Maclay
| title = 06.04.2004 - Conferences focus on saving native languages
| work = UC Berkeley News
| accessdate = 2012-07-23
| date = 2004-06-04
| url = http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/04_chocenyo.shtml
}} By 2009, many students were able to carry on conversations in the Chochenyo language. Through both successful word formation, as well as extending documented words, the Chochenyo dictionary has grown significantly throughout the early 21st century.
{{e25|cst|Ohlone, Northern}} During the canonization of Saint Junípero Serra on September 23, 2015, the first reading at Mass was read in Chochenyo by Vincent Medina.{{cite AV media |date=September 23, 2015 |title=Canonization Mass for Junipero Serra |type= |language=Latin, Spanish, English, Chochenyo |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?328177-1/canonization-mass-junipero-serra |minutes=67 |access-date=2023-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814173510/https://www.c-span.org/video/?328177-1/canonization-mass-junipero-serra |archive-date=2023-08-14 |location=Washington |publisher=C-SPAN |url-status=live }}
Phonology
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=2 rowspan=2| ! rowspan=2|Labial ! rowspan=2|Retroflex ! rowspan=2|Palatal ! rowspan=2|Velar ! rowspan=2|Glottal |
| {{small|hard}}
! {{small|soft}} |
|---|
| colspan=2| Nasal
| {{IPA link|m}} {{angbr|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} {{angbr|n}} | {{IPA|nʲ}} {{angbr|nY}} | | | | |
| colspan=2| Plosive
| {{IPA link|p}} {{angbr|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} {{angbr|t}} | | {{IPA link|ʈ}} {{angbr|ṭ}} | | {{IPA link|k}} {{angbr|k}} | {{IPA link|ʔ}} {{angbr|'}} |
| colspan=2| Affricate
| | {{IPA link|ts}} {{angbr|ts}} | | | {{IPA link|tʃ}} {{angbr|č}} | | |
| colspan=2| Fricative
| | {{IPA link|s}} {{angbr|s}} | | | {{IPA link|ʃ}} {{angbr|š}} | {{IPA link|x}} {{angbr|x}} | {{IPA link|h}} {{angbr|h}} |
| colspan=2| Approximant
| {{IPA link|w}} {{angbr|w}} | {{IPA link|l}} {{angbr|l}} | | | {{IPA link|j}} {{angbr|y}} | | |
| colspan=2| Flap
| | {{IPA link|ɾ}} {{angbr|r}} | | | | | |
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! ! Front ! Back |
| Close
| {{IPA link|i}} | {{IPA link|u}} |
|---|
| Close-mid
| | {{IPA link|o}} |
| Open-mid
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} | |
| Open
| |{{IPA link|ɑ}} |
The vowels can be long or short. Prolongation is shown by repeating the vowel.
- oo is pronounced /oː/, not /uː/
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://cla.berkeley.edu/ Chocheyno, California Language Archive]
- [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~survey/languages/chochenyo.php Chochenyo language] overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404221853/http://www.alumni.berkeley.edu/Alumni/Cal_Monthly/September_2004/A_faith_in_words.asp Chochenyo revitalization – language at UCB "Faith in Words" 2004] [archived version]
- [http://www.muwekma.org/index.html Muwekma Ohlone Tribe website]
- [http://www.sfweekly.com/news/the-little-tribe-that-could/ The Little Tribe That Could]
{{Ohlone}}
{{Languages of California}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Chochenyo Language}}
Category:Extinct languages of North America
Category:Culture in the San Francisco Bay Area