Choi Kyu-hah

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific-prefix = His Excellency

| name = Choi Kyu-hah

| native_name = {{nobold|최규하}}

| native_name_lang = ko

| image = Presidents of the Republic Of Korea (4261836786) Choi.jpg

| imagesize =

| caption = Official portrait, 1979

| office = President of South Korea

| primeminister = {{plainlist|

Shin Hyun-hwak
Park Choong-hoon (acting)

}}

| term_start = December 6, 1979

| term_end = August 16, 1980{{efn|Acting: October 26 – December 6, 1979}}

| predecessor = Park Chung Hee

| successor = Park Choong-hoon (acting)
Chun Doo-hwan

| office2 = Prime Minister of South Korea

| president2 = Park Chung Hee

| term_start2 = December 18, 1975

| term_end2 = October 26, 1979

| predecessor2 = Kim Jong-pil

| successor2 = Shin Hyun-hwak

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1919|7|16|mf=y}}

| birth_place = Genshū-gun, Kōgen-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan

| death_date = {{death date and age|2006|10|22|1919|7|16|mf=y}}

| death_place = Mapo, Seoul, South Korea

| restingplace = Daejeon National Cemetery

| party = Independent

| spouse = {{marriage|Hong Gi|1935|2004|reason=died}}

| alma_mater = Tokyo Higher Normal School

| signature = Choi Kyu-Hah signature (Sugyeol).svg

| footnotes =

| module = {{Infobox Korean name/auto

|headercolor=lavender

|hangul=%최규하

|hanja=崔圭夏

|hangulho=%_현석

|hanjaho=玄石

|hangulja=%_서옥

|hanjaja=瑞玉

| child = yes}}

| order = 4th

}}

Choi Kyu-hah ({{korean|hangul=최규하}}, {{IPA|ko|tɕʰø ɡjuha, - kjuha|pron}}; July 16, 1919 – October 22, 2006) was a South Korean politician who served as the fourth president of South Korea from 1979 to 1980. An independent politician, he served as the prime minister under President Park Chung Hee from 1975 to 1979.

Early life

Choi was born in Wonju-myeon, Wonju, Kōgen-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan (now in Gangwon Province, South Korea). Choi was born into a {{Transliteration|ko|rr|yangban}} (upper class) family; his grandfather had been a scholar at the Sungkyunkwan. During this period, Choi used the Japanese name {{nihongo|Umehara Keiichi|梅原圭一}}.

After graduating from Kyunggi High School and the Tokyo Higher Normal School (today the University of Tsukuba) with diplomas in English language and literature, Choi briefly worked as a teacher at the Taikyū Public Junior High School, before moving to Manchukuo for studies at the {{ill|Taidō Academy|ja|大同学院}}. Choi graduated in 1943; two years later he became a professor at the Keijō Normal School.

Political career before the Park administration

Choi served as Ambassador to Malaysia from 1964 to 1967, foreign minister from 1967 to 1971; and as prime minister from 1975 to 1979.

Presidency (1979–1980)

{{Infobox administration|image=19700408崔圭夏.jpg|name=Presidency of Choi Kyu-hah|term_start=December 6, 1979|term_end=August 16, 1980|cabinet=Full list|party=Independent|election=1979|seat=Seoul|predecessor=Park Chung Hee|successor=Chun Doo-hwan|president_link=President of South Korea|premier_link=Prime Minister of South Korea|premier=Shin Hyun-hwak
Park Choong-hoon (acting)|seal=Seal of the President of the Republic of Korea.svg|constituency=Fourth Republic}}

After the assassination of Park Chung Hee in 1979, Choi became acting president; the prime minister stood next in line for the presidency under Article 48 of the Yushin Constitution. Due to the unrest resulting from Park's authoritarian rule, Choi promised democratic elections, as under Park elections had been widely seen as rigged. Choi also promised a new constitution to replace the highly authoritarian Yushin Constitution. Choi was the sole candidate in an election on 6 December for the balance of Park's term, becoming the country's fourth president.

=Coup and resignation=

In December 1979, Major General Chun Doo-hwan and close allies within the military staged a coup d'état against Choi's government. They quickly removed the army chief of staff and virtually controlled the government by early 1980.

In April 1980, due to increasing pressure from Chun and other politicians, Choi appointed Chun head of the Korean Central Intelligence Agency. In May, Chun declared martial law and dropped all pretense of civilian government, becoming the de facto ruler of the country and reducing Choi to a figurehead. By then, student protests were escalating in Seoul and Gwangju. The protests in Gwangju resulted in the Gwangju uprising in which about 987 civilians were killed within a five-day period by Chun's military.

Persuaded by Kim Chung-yul,{{cite news |title=[삶과추억] 신현확 전 국무총리 |url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/2708906 |work=중앙일보 |agency=JoongAng IlBo |date=27 April 2007 |language=ko}} Choi was forced to resign, stating he wished to "leave behind a precedent of peaceful transfer of power."{{cite news |title=최규하 대통령 하야 |url=https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/1543973 |work=중앙일보 |agency=JoongAng Ilbo |date=16 August 1980 |language=ko}} Prime Minister Park Chung-hoon became acting president, until Chun's election as President on September 1, 1980.

Post-presidency (1980–2006)

After his resignation, Choi lived quietly out of the public eye and died on October 22, 2006.{{cite web|title=Obituary: Choi Kyu Hah, 87, led S. Korea in turbulent era|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/22/world/asia/22iht-obit.3248641.html|date=October 22, 2006|work=The New York Times |access-date=January 17, 2022}} His funeral was held on October 26, 2006, and was attended by President Roh Moo-hyun, first lady Kwon Yang-sook, Prime Minister Han Myeong-sook, and former presidents Chun Doo-hwan, Kim Young-sam and Kim Dae-jung. Choi was buried in Daejeon National Cemetery.{{cite web|url=http://www.dnc.go.kr/html/en/intr/intr_0102.html|title=Daejeon National Cemetery Timeline|publisher=Daejeon National Cemetery|access-date=28 September 2014}}

In popular culture

The 2023 South Korean movie 12.12: The Day portrays President Choi under the pseudonym "Choi Han-gyu".{{cite news |last1=LIM |first1=JEONG-WON |title=2023.11.23 Now Playing |url=https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/2023-11-23/entertainment/movies/20231123-Now-Playing/1919896 |access-date=5 December 2023 |agency=Korea Joongang Daily |date=2023}}