Chondromalacia patellae

The condition may result from acute injury to the patella or chronic friction between the patella and a groove in the femur through which it passes during knee flexion.{{cite web |first1=William C. |last1=Shiel |first2=John P. |last2=Cunha |title=Chondromalacia Patella |date=June 27, 2012 |publisher=MedicineNet |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/patellofemoral_syndrome/article.htm |access-date=May 19, 2013}} Possible causes include a tight iliotibial band, neuromas, bursitis, overuse, malalignment, core instability, and patellar maltracking.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

Pain at the front or inner side of the knee is common in adults of all ages especially when engaging in soccer, gymnastics, cycling, rowing, tennis, ballet, basketball, horseback riding, volleyball, running, combat sports, figure skating, snowboarding, skateboarding and even swimming. The pain is typically felt after prolonged sitting.{{cite web |url=http://www.healthhype.com/knee-cap-pain-introduction.html |title=Knee Cap Pain |last1=Gauresh}}{{MEDRS|date=May 2013}} Skateboarders most commonly experience this injury in their non-dominant foot due to the constant kicking and twisting required of it.{{citation needed|date=June 2013}} Swimmers acquire it doing the breaststroke, which demands an unusual motion of the knee. People who are involved in an active lifestyle with high impact on the knees are at greatest risk. Proper management of physical activity may help prevent worsening of the condition. Athletes are advised to talk to a physician for further medical diagnosis, as symptoms may be similar to more serious problems within the knee. Tests are not necessarily needed for diagnosis, but in some situations they may confirm diagnosis or rule out other causes for pain. Commonly used tests are blood tests, MRI scans, and arthroscopy.{{cite web|title = Chondromalacia patellae|url = http://patient.info/health/chondromalacia-patellae-leaflet#|work = Health Information Patient.info|publisher = Egton Medical Information Systems Ltd.|access-date = 9 December 2013}}

While the term chondromalacia sometimes refers to abnormal-appearing cartilage anywhere in the body,{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.cuor.2004.03.005 |title=Synovial plicae of the knee |year=2004 |last1=Schindler |first1=Oliver S. |journal=Current Orthopaedics |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=210–9}} it most commonly denotes irritation of the underside of the kneecap (or "patella"). The patella's posterior surface is covered with a layer of smooth cartilage, which the base of the femur normally glides smoothly against when the knee is bent. However, in some individuals the kneecap tends to rub against one side of the knee joint, irritating the cartilage and causing knee pain.{{cite web |url=http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/patelladisorders/a/chondromalacia.htm |first=Jonathan |last=Cluett |date=June 14, 2011 |title=Chondromalacia |publisher=About.com |access-date=June 26, 2010 |archive-date=April 13, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413130801/http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/patelladisorders/a/chondromalacia.htm |url-status=dead }}

When investigating a possible diagnosis of chondromalacia, a physician will carry out a complete examination of the affected knee. The physician will palpate the patella and surrounding tissue, feel the joint to observe when and how the distress manifests and obtains a list of symptoms and clinical history. The following tests or procedures may be used to refine the diagnosis:

• A knee X-ray and/or blood test – this can assist to exclude certain types of arthritis or inflammation.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – to observe cartilage condition and assess deterioration
• Arthroscopy – a low invasive approach to image the inside of the knee joint by inserting an endoscope into the knee joint.{{Cite web|title=Knee Pain (Chondromalacia Patella): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment|url=https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15607-knee-pain-chondromalacia-patella|access-date=2021-04-01|website=Cleveland Clinic}}

In the absence of cartilage damage, pain at the front of the knee due to overuse can be managed with a combination of RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), anti-inflammatory medications, and physiotherapy.{{cite news | first=Mark A. | last=Jenkins | author2=Caryn Honig | title=Patello-Femoral Syndrome | date=2005-06-02 | url=http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/pfs.html | access-date=2008-10-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081009010226/http://www.rice.edu/~jenky/sports/pfs.html | archive-date=2008-10-09 | url-status=dead }}{{MEDRS|date=May 2013}}

Usually chondromalacia develops without swelling or bruising and most individuals benefit from rest and adherence to an appropriate physical therapy program. Allowing inflammation to subside while avoiding irritating activities for several weeks is followed by a gradual resumption. Cross-training activities such as swimming – using strokes other than the breaststroke – can help to maintain general fitness and body composition. This is beneficial until a physical therapy program emphasizing strengthening and flexibility of the hip and thigh muscles can be undertaken. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication is also helpful to minimize the swelling amplifying patellar pain. Treatment with surgery is declining in popularity due to positive non-surgical outcomes and the relative ineffectiveness of surgical intervention.

• Knee
• Knee pain
• Patellofemoral pain syndrome
• Knee osteoarthritis
• Plica syndrome
• Iliotibial band syndrome

{{Reflist}}

• {{eMedicine|article|1252011|Plica Syndrome }}

{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB = 2595

| ICD10 = {{ICD10|M|22|4|m|20}}

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|717.7}}

| ICDO =

| OMIM =

| MedlinePlus = 000452

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| eMedicineTopic =

| MeshID = D046789

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{{Acquired deformities}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Chondromalacia Patellae}}

Category:Overuse injuries

Category:Arthropathies

Category:Knee injuries and disorders