Chopal Assembly constituency

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh State, India}}

{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency

| name = Chopal (Chaupal)

| type = SLA

| constituency_no = 60

| map_image = 60-Chopal constituency.svg

| mla = Balbir Singh Verma

| party = Bharatiya Janata Party

| latest_election_year = 2022

| state = Himachal Pradesh

| district = Shimla

| loksabha_cons = Shimla

| established = 1967

| reservation = None

| electors = {{formatnum:81782}}{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14751-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=22 April 2023}}{{update after|2028|1}}

}}

Chopal Assembly constituency is one of the 68 constituencies in the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh a northern state of India. Chopal is also part of Shimla Lok Sabha constituency.{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Chopal Assembly constituency |url=http://www.elections.in/himachal-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/chopal.html |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}

Members of Legislative Assembly

class="wikitable sortable"
Year

!Member

!Picture

!colspan="2"|Party

1967

|rowspan="2"| Kewal Ram Chauhan

|rowspan="2"|

|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}

1972

|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}

1977

|Radha Raman Shastri

|

|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}

1982

|Kewal Ram Chauhan

|

|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}

1985

|Yogendra Chandra

|

1990

|Radha Raman Shastri

|

|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}

1993

|rowspan="2"| Yogendra Chandra

|rowspan="2"|

|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}

1998

|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}

2003

|rowspan="2"|Subhash Chand Manglate

|rowspan="2"|

|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}

2007

|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}

2012

|rowspan="3"| Balbir Singh Verma

|rowspan="3"|

|{{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}

2017

|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}

2022{{cite web |title=2022 Election Results |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0860.htm?ac=60 |website=www.results.eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |accessdate=5 March 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305155749/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenDec2022/ConstituencywiseS0860.htm?ac=60 |archivedate=5 March 2023}}

Election results

=Assembly Election 2022 =

{{Election box begin|title= 2022 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Verma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=25,873 |percentage=41.58% |change={{decrease}}10.44 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sh. Rajneesh Kimta |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,840 |percentage=33.49% |change={{decrease}}10.45 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Independent politician |votes=13,706 |percentage=22.03% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the above |votes=550 |percentage=0.88% |change={{increase}}0.09 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sh. Ashok Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=463 |percentage=0.74% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sh. Uday Singhta |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=413 |percentage=0.66% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=382 |percentage=0.61% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,033 |percentage=8.09% |change= {{increase}}0.01 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=62,227 |percentage=76.09% |change= {{decrease}}1.54 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,782 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.80 }}

{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}10.44 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 2017 =

{{Election box begin|title= 2017 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3815-himachal-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Himachal Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017 |author=Election Commission of India |access-date=8 July 2021}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Verma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,537 |percentage=52.02% |change={{increase}}42.49 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,950 |percentage=43.94% |change={{increase}}0.98 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=498 |percentage=0.88% |change={{decrease}}0.61 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=452 |percentage=0.80% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Singh Panwar |party=Independent politician |votes=340 |percentage=0.60% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,587 |percentage=8.08% |change= {{increase}}6.78 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=56,783 |percentage=77.63% |change= {{increase}}1.90 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,147 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.15 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}7.76 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 2012 =

{{Election box begin|title= 2012 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Balbir Singh Verma |party=Independent politician |votes=22,056 |percentage=44.25% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,409 |percentage=42.96% |change={{decrease}}9.30 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Seema |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=4,747 |percentage=9.52% |change={{decrease}}31.84 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=740 |percentage=1.48% |change={{decrease}}2.14 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rajender Singh |party=Trinamool Congress |votes=465 |percentage=0.93% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramla Devi |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=304 |percentage=0.61% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=647 |percentage=1.30% |change= {{decrease}}9.59 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=49,839 |percentage=75.73% |change= {{increase}}3.86 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 65,811 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.92 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.00 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 2007 =

{{Election box begin|title= 2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand Manglate |party=Indian National Congress |votes=20,785 |percentage=52.26% |change={{increase}}30.80 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,453 |percentage=41.37% |change={{increase}}23.56 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Hari Chand |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,440 |percentage=3.62% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=547 |percentage=1.38% |change={{decrease}}0.34 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhanvir Singh Thakur |party=Independent politician |votes=531 |percentage=1.34% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,332 |percentage=10.89% |change= {{increase}}4.27 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=39,773 |percentage=71.87% |change= {{decrease}}6.55 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 55,342 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.70 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}24.18 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 2003 =

{{Election box begin|title= 2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Subhash Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=10,910 |percentage=28.08% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,339 |percentage=21.46% |change={{decrease}}36.98 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Shashtri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,919 |percentage=17.81% |change={{decrease}}1.53 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,646 |percentage=17.11% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pratap Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=4,569 |percentage=11.76% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anant Ram |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=666 |percentage=1.71% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dalbir Singh |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=534 |percentage=1.37% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ramesh Chand |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=269 |percentage=0.69% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,571 |percentage=6.62% |change= {{decrease}}31.08 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=38,852 |percentage=78.44% |change= {{increase}}6.53 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 49,546 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.72 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}30.37 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1998 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,972 |percentage=58.45% |change={{increase}}35.89 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=6,735 |percentage=20.75% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,276 |percentage=19.33% |change={{increase}}0.90 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangat Ram Ajata |party=Janata Dal |votes=477 |percentage=1.47% |change={{increase}}0.86 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,237 |percentage=37.70% |change= {{increase}}1.87 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=32,460 |percentage=73.10% |change= {{decrease}}0.41 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,157 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.50 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}0.06 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1993 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Independent politician |votes=16,796 |percentage=58.39% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kanwar Uday Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,490 |percentage=22.56% |change={{decrease}}5.98 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=5,304 |percentage=18.44% |change={{decrease}}51.13 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh Ghuna |party=Janata Dal |votes=175 |percentage=0.61% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,306 |percentage=35.83% |change= {{decrease}}5.19 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=28,765 |percentage=72.81% |change= {{increase}}4.92 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 39,787 |ref = |change= {{increase}}8.90 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}11.17 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1990 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,124 |percentage=69.56% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,027 |percentage=28.55% |change={{decrease}}42.61 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kripa Ram Thakur Chopali |party=Janata Party |votes=377 |percentage=1.53% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,097 |percentage=41.02% |change= {{decrease}}2.81 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=24,616 |percentage=67.81% |change= {{decrease}}7.00 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,534 |ref = |change= {{increase}}19.21 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1985 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Yogendra Chandra |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,221 |percentage=71.15% |change={{increase}}13.23 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Independent politician |votes=6,229 |percentage=27.32% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhopinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=271 |percentage=1.19% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=9,992 |percentage=43.83% |change= {{increase}}23.62 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=22,797 |percentage=75.05% |change= {{increase}}1.71 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,648 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.82 }}

{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1982 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,307 |percentage=57.92% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,013 |percentage=37.71% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Attar Singh Tahkur |party=Independent politician |votes=598 |percentage=2.81% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangat Ram Ajata |party=Lokdal |votes=329 |percentage=1.55% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,294 |percentage=20.21% |change= {{decrease}}1.83 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=21,247 |percentage=73.53% |change= {{increase}}15.92 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,238 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.98 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}12.73 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1977 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Janata Party |votes=6,466 |percentage=45.19% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sant Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=3,313 |percentage=23.16% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,901 |percentage=13.29% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabla Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,744 |percentage=12.19% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=307 |percentage=2.15% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=304 |percentage=2.12% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Davinder Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=251 |percentage=1.75% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,153 |percentage=22.04% |change= {{decrease}}50.71 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=14,307 |percentage=57.57% |change= {{increase}}13.35 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,210 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.63 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}37.36 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1972 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=10 February 2022}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Kewal Ram Chauhan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,717 |percentage=82.56% |change={{increase}}34.56 }}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shyam Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,035 |percentage=9.80% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Radha Raman Shastri |party=Independent politician |votes=807 |percentage=7.64% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,682 |percentage=72.75% |change= {{increase}}68.75 }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=10,559 |percentage=44.24% |change= {{decrease}}14.57 }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,326 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}16.83 }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}30.55 }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly Election 1967 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election: Chopal{{cite web|publisher=Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012}}}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=8,818 |percentage=52.00% |change= New}}

{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=S. Ram |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,139 |percentage=48.00% |change= New}}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=679 |percentage=4.00% |change= }}

{{Election box turnout |votes=16,957 |percentage=59.66% |change= }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,250 |ref = |change= }}

{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}

{{Election box end}}

=Assembly By-election 1963 =

{{Election box begin|title= 1963 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election: Chopal}}

{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=Uncontested |percentage= |change= New}}

|change= }}

{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 0 |ref = |change= }}

{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}

{{Election box end}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}