Chris Soumokil
{{Short description|Former president of the Republic of South Maluku}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Chris Soumokil
|image = Chris Soumokil, Volume I of Pendidikan Politik Rakjat, p79.jpg
|image_upright = 0.8
|caption = Soumokil in 1949
|office = 2nd President of the {{nowr|Republic of South Maluku}}
|term = {{start and end dates|1950|05|03|1966|04|12|df=y}}
|predecessor = Johanis Manuhutu
|successor = Johan Manusama
|birth_date = {{birth date|1905|10|13|df=y}}
|birth_place = Soerabaja, Dutch East Indies
|death_date = {{death date and age|1966|4|12|1905|10|13|df=y}}
|death_place = Pulau Ubi Basar, Jakarta, Indonesia
|children = 2
|alma_mater = Leiden University (1934)
|occupation = Prosecutor
}}
Christiaan Robbert Steven Soumokil (13 October 1905 – 12 April 1966) was a South Moluccan politician and prosecutor who served as the second president of the Republic of South Maluku from 1950 until his execution in 1966 by Indonesian forces loyal to Suharto.{{sfn|Tempo|2010|p=}}
Early life
His father was Moluccan and his mother was an Indo (mixed Dutch and indigenous Indonesian descent). After high school, he studied law at Leiden University before returning to Indonesia in 1935 and finding work as a law official in Java.{{sfn|Tempo|2010|p=}}
Political career
Between May 1947 and February 1950, he served as Minister of Justice in four cabinets of the State of East Indonesia.{{sfn|Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung|1996|pp=247, 310, 355, 707}}
In April 1950, Soumokil, Johanis Manuhutu, and Albert Wairisal signed a declaration proclaiming the independence of the South Moluccas from the United States of Indonesia and the founding of an independent Republic of South Maluku. He became its second president on 3 May, a week after its creation.
Exile and execution
After the Indonesian invasion of Ambon and its successful attack on the rebel capital of Ambon, Soumokil fled to the nearby island of Seram, where he led a small band of guerillas until his capture on 2 December 1963. He was initially imprisoned on Java.
Soumokil was executed by firing squad on 12 April 1966, on Pulau Ubi Basar by forces loyal to Suharto.{{sfn|Tempo|2010|p=}}{{sfn|Hellwig|Tagliacozzo|2009|p=322}}{{sfn|Hol|Vervaele|2005|p=81}}
See also
References
= Footnotes =
{{Reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book |author = Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung |author-link=Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung |translator-last1= Owens|translator-first1= Linda|year= 1996|orig-year= 1995|title= From the Formation of the State of East Indonesia Towards the Establishment of the United States of Indonesia|publisher= Yayasan Obor |isbn= 979-461-216-2}}
- {{cite book|editor-last1 = Hellwig|editor-first1 = T.|editor-last2 = Tagliacozzo|editor-first2 = E.|date = 2009|title = The Indonesia Reader|title-link = :iarchive:isbn 9780822344247|location = Durham|publisher = Duke University Press|isbn = 9780822344247}}
- {{cite book|title=Security and Civil Liberties: The Case of Terrorism|year=2005|publisher=Intersentia|isbn=978-90-5095-508-9|editor-first1=Antoine |editor-last1=Hol |editor-first2= John |editor-last2=Vervaele}}
- {{citation | title =Chris Soumokil, Proklamator Republik Maluku Selatan | journal =Tempo.co | date =6 October 2010 | language =id | url =https://nasional.tempo.co/read/282879/chris-soumokil-proklamator-republik-maluku-selatan/full&view=ok | access-date =17 December 2018 | ref ={{harvid|Tempo|2010}} }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Soumokil, Chris}}
Category:20th-century executions by Indonesia
Category:Political prisoners in Indonesia
Category:Moluccan independence activists
Category:Leiden University alumni
Category:Presidents of the Republic of South Maluku
Category:People executed by Indonesia by firing squad
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