Christian Social People's Party

{{about|the Luxembourgish political party|the defunct Liechtensteiner political party|Christian-Social People's Party (Liechtenstein)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox political party

| country = Luxembourg

| name = Christian Social People's Party

| abbreviation = CSV
PCS

| native_name = Chrëschtlech-Sozial Vollekspartei

| colorcode = {{Political party data|color}}

| logo = Logo of the Christian Social People's Party (2022).svg

| logo_size = 200

| president = Luc Frieden

| leader1_title = General Secretary

| leader1_name = Françoise Kemp
Alex Donnersbach

| foundation = {{start date and age|1944|12}}

| predecessor = Party of the Right

| ideology = Christian democracy
Conservatism
Pro-Europeanism

| position = Centre to centre-right

| youth_wing = Christian Social Youth

| slogan = {{lang|lb|Kloer, no & gerecht.}} (Clear, close, and just.)

| international = Centrist Democrat International

| european = European People's Party

| europarl = European People's Party

| regional = Christian Group

| seats1_title = Chamber of Deputies

| seats1 = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|ms-lower-house}}

| seats2_title = European Parliament

| seats2 = {{Political party data|seat composition bar|EP}}

| seats3_title = Local councils

| seats3 = {{Composition bar|192|722|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| seats4_title = Benelux Parliament

| seats4 = {{Composition bar|2|7|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| colours = {{color box|#010101|border=darkgray}} Black
{{color box|#1EC8DC|border=darkgray}} Light blue
{{color box|#FFC300|border=darkgray}} Orange
{{color box|#E9F5FD|border=darkgray}} White

| website = {{Political party data|website}}

}}

{{Politics of Luxembourg}}

The Christian Social People's Party ({{langx|lb|Chrëschtlech-Sozial Vollekspartei}}, {{langx|fr|Parti populaire chrétien-social}}, {{langx|de|Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei}}; CSV or PCS) is the largest political party in Luxembourg. The party follows a Christian democratic{{cite web|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/luxembourg.html|title=Luxembourg|website=Parties and Elections in Europe|first=Wolfram|last=Nordsieck|year=2018|access-date=10 April 2019}}{{cite book|author=Hans Slomp|title=Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmfAPmwE6YYC&pg=PA477|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39182-8|page=477}}{{Cite book |last=Bale |first=Tim |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1256593260 |title=Riding the populist wave: Europe's mainstream right in crisis |date=2021 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |others=Cristóbal Rovira Kaltwasser |isbn=978-1-009-00686-6 |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom |pages=34 |oclc=1256593260}}{{cite web |last=Nordsieck |first=Wolfram |year=2018 |title=Luxembourg |url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/luxembourg.html |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=Parties and Elections in Europe}} and conservative{{cite news |date=28 May 2019 |title=EU elections 2019: Country-by-country full results |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/05/25/eu-elections-2019-country-by-country-guide-on-what-to-look-out-for |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=Euronews |quote=The liberal Democratic Party and the conservative Christian Social People's Party will both send two MEPs to the European Parliament having scored 21.44 and 21.1% respectively.}}{{cite magazine |last=Newton-Small |first=Jay |date=28 July 2016 |title=An Italian Politician Campaigns for Hillary Clinton in Philadelphia |url=https://time.com/4429904/dnc-hillary-clinton-italian-europe/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |magazine=Time (magazine) |quote=European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, who belongs to the conservative Christian Social People’s Party, last week not-so-subtly said he’s supporting “a female candidate” for president of the United States.}}{{cite news |last1=Banea |first1=Andra |last2=David An |first2=Fengwei |last3=Steenland |first3=Robert |last4=Brăileanu |first4=Simona |date=6 May 2019 |title=EU country briefing: Luxembourg |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/news/eu-country-briefing-luxembourg/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=EURACTIV |quote=Over time, these parties have evolved and re-branded themselves as the social democratic Luxembourg Socialist Workers’ Party (LSAP), the liberal Democratic Party (DP) and the conservative Christian Social People’s Party (CSV).}} ideology and has been described as centre{{cite web |last=Terry |first=Chris |date=6 May 2014 |title=Christian Social People's Party (CSV) |url=http://www.demsoc.org/2014/05/06/christian-social-peoples-party-csv/ |publisher=The Democratic Society}}{{cite web |date=6 October 2013 |title=All about the Lëtzebuerger Chrestlech Sozial Vollekspartei (CSV) |url=https://luxtimes.lu/archives/20814-all-about-the-l-tzebuerger-chrestlech-sozial-vollekspartei-csv |work=Luxembourg Times}} to centre-right.{{cite book |author=Josep M. Colomer |author-link1=Josep Colomer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6S5JJkjpzf8C&pg=PA221 |title=Comparative European Politics |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-203-94609-1 |page=221}}{{cite news |date=4 December 2020 |title=Social democrats gain in polls, Greens lose |url=https://www.luxtimes.lu/en/luxembourg/social-democrats-gain-in-polls-greens-lose-602d7332de135b9236c2fac9 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=Luxembourg Times |quote=Centre-right CSV is still the biggest party in the country, but keeps shrinking}}{{cite news |last1=Huberty |first1=Martine |last2=Hennebert |first2=Jean-Michel |date=9 October 2017 |title=Election results: focus on the capital |url=https://delano.lu/article/delano_election-results-focus-capital |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=Delano |quote=The local elections showed an overall strengthening of the centre-right CSV in bigger towns across Luxembourg.}}{{cite news |last=Dallison |first=Paul |date=8 January 2014 |title=The highs and the lows |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/the-highs-and-the-lows/ |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=Politico |quote=Juncker’s centre-right Christian Social People’s party (CVSP) won 23 seats in the 60-strong parliament but a coalition of the liberal Democratic Party (DP), the centre-left LSAP and the Greens meant Juncker’s days were numbered.}}{{cite news |last=Nisbet |first=Robert |date=6 June 2014 |title=Juncker A Wily Politician Who Enjoys The Game |url=https://news.sky.com/story/juncker-a-wily-politician-who-enjoys-the-game-10401990 |access-date=6 May 2022 |work=Sky News |quote=Juncker Jr. studied law at university but never practiced, honing his political skills by joining the centre-right Christian Social People's Party which fast-tracked him to a deputy's position (similar to a British MP) when he was just 30.}} Furthermore, akin to most parties in Luxembourg, it is strongly pro-European.{{cite web|url=http://www.demsoc.org/2014/05/06/christian-social-peoples-party-csv/|date=6 May 2014|last=Terry|first=Chris|publisher=The Democratic Society|title=Christian Social People's Party (CSV)}} The CSV is a member of the Christian Group,{{cite web |title=Politieke fracties |url=https://www.beneluxparl.eu/nl/politieke-fracties/ |access-date=8 August 2023 |website=Benelux Parliament |language=nl}} European People's Party, and the Centrist Democrat International.

The CSV has been the largest party in the Chamber of Deputies since the party's formation, and currently holds 21 of 60 seats in the Chamber. Since the Second World War, every Prime Minister of Luxembourg has been a member of the CSV, with only two exceptions: Gaston Thorn (1974–1979), and Xavier Bettel (2013–2023). It holds two of Luxembourg's six seats in the European Parliament, as it has for 14 of the 44 years for which MEPs have been directly elected.

The party's President has been Prime Minister Luc Frieden since March 2024. A leading figure from the party is the former prime minister, Jean-Claude Juncker, who previously governed in coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) until the 2013 general election.

History

File:Santer Frieden Juncker.jpg (1984–1995), Luc Frieden (2023–) and Jean-Claude Juncker (1995–2013), the three living prime ministers of Luxembourg from the CSV.]]

The earliest roots of the CSV date back to the foundation of the Party of the Right on 16 January 1914.

In December 1944, the Party of the Right was officially transformed into the Luxembourg Christian Social People's Party. "Luxembourg" was dropped from the name by late March 1945. The first elections after the Second World War took place in 1945; the party won 25 out of 51 seats, missing an absolute majority by a single seat.

From 1945 to 1974, the party was in government and gave Luxembourg the following Prime Ministers: Pierre Dupong, Joseph Bech, Pierre Frieden, and Pierre Werner. Mostly in coalition with the Democratic Party (DP), it gave Luxembourg a certain economic and social stability.

In the 1950s, the party structure underwent a certain democratisation: the party's youth section (founded in 1953) and women's section received representation in the party's central organs.{{Cite web|title = Geschicht|url = https://csv.lu/eis-partei/wee-mir-sinn/parti_historique/|website = CSV.lu|access-date = 2015-12-16}}

The party went into opposition for the first time in 1974, when the Democratic Party's Gaston Thorn became Prime Minister in coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP). In 1979, the party returned to government after its victory in the 1979 general election; Pierre Werner became PM.

In 1984, Jacques Santer became PM. He remained as such until 1995, when Jean-Claude Juncker became PM, with Santer meanwhile taking up the post of President of the European Commission.

Following the 2013 general election, the party went into opposition for the second time in its history as the Democratic Party's Xavier Bettel became Prime Minister in coalition with the LSAP and The Greens, making it the first time in Luxembourg's history that a three-party coalition government had been formed. This also marked the first time that The Greens were part of a governmental coalition. Despite remaining the largest party, the result of the 2018 general election represented the lowest public support in the party's history.

As of 2023, CSV is against making luxembourgish an official language in the european insititutions, citing that french and german already being official languages is enough for the needs of Luxembourg.{{Cite web |title= |url=https://www.actioun-letzebuergesch.lu/files/publicatiounen/202310-walen.pdf}}

Election results

=Chamber of Deputies=

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
rowspan=2 | Election

! rowspan=2 | List leader

! rowspan=2 | Votes

! rowspan=2 | %

! colspan=2 | Seats

! rowspan=2 | +/–

! rowspan=2 | Status

Up

! Total

1945

| rowspan="3" | Pierre Dupong

| 907,601

| 44.7 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|25|51|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| New

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1948{{efn|name=Partial|Partial election. Only half of the seats were up for renewal.}}

| 386,972

| 36.3 (#1)

| {{smalldiv|{{Composition bar|9|26|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}|width=43}}}}

| {{smalldiv|{{Composition bar|22|51|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}|width=43}}}}

| {{decrease}} 2

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1951{{efn|name=Partial}}

| 425,545

| 42.1 (#1)

| {{smalldiv|{{Composition bar|12|26|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}|width=43}}}}

| {{smalldiv|{{Composition bar|21|52|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}|width=43}}}}

| {{decrease}} 1

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1954

|Joseph Bech

| 1,003,406

| 45.2 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|26|52|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 5

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1959

|Pierre Frieden

| 896,840

| 38.9 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|21|52|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 5

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1964

| rowspan="4" |Pierre Werner

| 883,079

| 35.7 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|22|56|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 1

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1968

| 915,944

| 37.5 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|21|56|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 1

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1974

| 836,990

| 29.9 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|18|59|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 3

| {{no2|Opposition}}

1979

| 1,049,390

| 36.4 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|24|59|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 6

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1984

| rowspan="3" |Jacques Santer

| 1,148,085

| 36.7 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|25|64|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 1

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1989

| 977,521

| 32.4 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|22|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 3

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1994

| 887,651

| 30.3 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|21|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 1

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

1999

| rowspan=4 | Jean-Claude Juncker

| 870,985

| 30.1 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|19|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 2

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

2004

| 1,103,825

| 36.1 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|24|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 5

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

2009

| 1,129,368

| 38.0 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|26|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 2

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

2013

| 1,103,636

| 33.7 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|23|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 3

| {{no2|Opposition}}

2018

| Claude Wiseler

| 999,381

| 28.3 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|21|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 2

| {{no2|Opposition}}

2023

| Luc Frieden

| 1,099,427

| 29.2 (#1)

| colspan=2|{{Composition bar|21|60|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

| {{yes2|Coalition}}

ImageSize = width:700 height:150

PlotArea = width:600 height:125 left:25 bottom:20

AlignBars = justify

Colors =

id:CSV value:rgb(0.999,0.5,0)

DateFormat = yyyy

Period = from:0 till:30

TimeAxis = orientation:vertical

ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:0

PlotData=

bar:Seats color:CSV width:23 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S

bar:1945 color:CSV from:start till:25 text:25 align:center

bar:1948 color:CSV from:start till:22 text:22 align:center

bar:1951 color:CSV from:start till:21 text:21 align:center

bar:1954 color:CSV from:start till:26 text:26 align:center

bar:1959 color:CSV from:start till:21 text:21 align:center

bar:1964 color:CSV from:start till:22 text:22 align:center

bar:1968 color:CSV from:start till:21 text:21 align:center

bar:1974 color:CSV from:start till:18 text:18 align:center

bar:1979 color:CSV from:start till:24 text:24 align:center

bar:1984 color:CSV from:start till:25 text:25 align:center

bar:1989 color:CSV from:start till:22 text:22 align:center

bar:1994 color:CSV from:start till:21 text:21 align:center

bar:1999 color:CSV from:start till:19 text:19 align:center

bar:2004 color:CSV from:start till:24 text:24 align:center

bar:2009 color:CSV from:start till:26 text:26 align:center

bar:2013 color:CSV from:start till:23 text:23 align:center

bar:2018 color:CSV from:start till:21 text:21 align:center

bar:2023 color:CSV from:start till:21 text:21 align:center

ImageSize = width:700 height:150

PlotArea = width:600 height:125 left:25 bottom:20

AlignBars = justify

Colors =

id:CSV value:rgb(0.999,0.5,0)

DateFormat = yyyy

Period = from:0 till:500

TimeAxis = orientation:vertical

ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:50 start:0

PlotData=

bar:Vote% color:CSV width:23 mark:(line,white) align:left fontsize:S

bar:1945 color:CSV from:start till:447 text:44.7 align:center

bar:1948 color:CSV from:start till:363 text:36.3 align:center

bar:1951 color:CSV from:start till:421 text:42.1 align:center

bar:1954 color:CSV from:start till:424 text:42.4 align:center

bar:1959 color:CSV from:start till:369 text:36.9 align:center

bar:1964 color:CSV from:start till:333 text:33.3 align:center

bar:1968 color:CSV from:start till:352 text:35.2 align:center

bar:1974 color:CSV from:start till:276 text:27.6 align:center

bar:1979 color:CSV from:start till:345 text:34.5 align:center

bar:1984 color:CSV from:start till:349 text:34.9 align:center

bar:1989 color:CSV from:start till:324 text:32.4 align:center

bar:1994 color:CSV from:start till:303 text:30.3 align:center

bar:1999 color:CSV from:start till:301 text:30.1 align:center

bar:2004 color:CSV from:start till:361 text:36.1 align:center

bar:2009 color:CSV from:start till:380 text:38.0 align:center

bar:2013 color:CSV from:start till:336 text:33.6 align:center

bar:2018 color:CSV from:start till:283 text:28.3 align:center

bar:2023 color:CSV from:start till:292 text:29.2 align:center

{{notelist}}

=European Parliament=

class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
Election

! List leader

! Votes

! %

! Seats

! +/–

! EP Group

1979

| Pierre Werner

| 352,296

| 36.13 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| New

| rowspan=4 | EPP

1984

| rowspan=2 | Jacques Santer

| 345,586

| 34.90 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

1989

| 346,621

| 34.87 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

1994

| rowspan=3 | Jean-Claude Juncker

| 319,462

| 31.50 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|2|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 1

1999

| 321,021

| 31.67 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|2|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

| rowspan=2 | EPP-ED

2004

| 404,823

| 37.14 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{increase}} 1

2009

| rowspan=2 | Viviane Reding

| 353,094

| 31.36 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

| rowspan=4 | EPP

2014

| 441,578

| 37.66 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|3|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

2019

| rowspan=2 | Christophe Hansen

| 264,665

| 21.10 (#2)

| {{Composition bar|2|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{decrease}} 1

2024

| 317,334

| 22.91 (#1)

| {{Composition bar|2|6|hex={{party color|Christian Social People's Party}}}}

| {{steady}}

Party office-holders

=Presidents=

  • Émile Reuter (1945–1964)
  • Tony Biever (1964–1965)
  • Jean Dupong (1965–1972)
  • Nicolas Mosar (1972–1974)
  • Jacques Santer (1974–1982)
  • Jean Spautz (1982–1990)
  • Jean-Claude Juncker (1990–1995)
  • Erna Hennicot-Schoepges (1995–2003)
  • François Biltgen (2003–2009){{cite web|url=http://www.gouvernement.lu/gouvernement/membres/biltgen/cv_en/index.html| title=François Biltgen|access-date=18 July 2006|date=7 June 2006|publisher= Service Information et Presse|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060709185432/http://www.gouvernement.lu/gouvernement/membres/biltgen/cv_en/index.html |archive-date=9 July 2006}}
  • Michel Wolter (2009–2014){{Cite web |url=http://hello.news352.lu/index.php?p=edito&id=8183 |title=New leader for the CSV |access-date=4 October 2010 |archive-date=26 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120526052850/http://hello.news352.lu/index.php?p=edito&id=8183 |url-status=dead }}
  • Marc Spautz (2014–2019)
  • Frank Engel (2019–2021)
  • Claude Wiseler (2021–2023)
  • Elisabeth Margue (2022–2024)
  • Luc Frieden (2024–present)

=General Secretaries=

{{Expand list|date=March 2014}}

=Presidents of Christian Social People's Party in the Chamber of Deputies=

{{Expand list|date=February 2011}}

+ Died in office

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite book |first=Philippe |last=Poirie |title=At the Centre of the State: Christian Democracy in Luxembourg {{!}} Christian Democratic Parties in Europe Since the End of the Cold War |editor1=Steven Van Hecke |editor2=Emmanuel Gerard |publisher=Leuven University Press |year=2004 |isbn=90-5867-377-4 |pages=179–195}}
  • Schaus, Émile (1974). Ursprung und Leistung einer Partei: Rechtspartei und Christlich-Soziale Volkspartei 1914-1974. Luxembourg : Sankt-Paulus-Druckerei.
  • Trausch, Gilbert, ed. (2008). CSV Spiegelbild eines Landes und seiner Politik? Geschichte der Christlich-Sozialen Volkspartei Luxemburgs im 20. Jahrhundert. Luxembourg: Éditions Saint-Paul.