Chrysolina americana
{{short description|Species of beetle}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Chrysomelidae - Chrysolina americana.JPG
| image_caption = Chrysolina americana on lavender (Lavandula sp.)
| taxon = Chrysolina americana
| parent = Chrysolina (Taeniochrysea)
| authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)
}}
Chrysolina americana, common name rosemary beetle, is a species of beetle belonging to the family Chrysomelidae.
Description
Chrysolina americana can reach a length of {{convert|5|-|8|mm}}. They have colourful elytra with metallic green and purple longitudinal stripes. The wings are quite short, so these beetles can fly for short distances, but most tend to walk.{{cite journal |last1=Hadjiconstantis |first1=Michael |last2=Zoumides |first2=Christos |title=First records of the pest leaf beetle Chrysolina (Chrysolinopsis) americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) in Cyprus - a study initiated from social media expand article info |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |date=2021 |volume=9|pages=e61349 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.9.e61349 |pmid=33623477 |pmc=7895809 |doi-access=free }}
This species feeds on various aromatic Lamiaceae, mainly on rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) (hence the common name), lavender (Lavandula) and thyme (Thymus).
In the Mediterranean region females lay their eggs in late summer on the leaves of the host plants. The larvae show whitish to blackish bands. Larval development continues during the winter months. The pupal stage lasts about three weeks. The imago is released in the spring.
Distribution
Despite the species name americana, this leaf beetle is native and common to southern Europe, North Africa, the Near East and the Middle East.Friedman, A.L.L. (2016). Rosemary beetle Chrysolina americana: A new invasive leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae) in Israel. Israel Journal of Entomology 46: 87–91.[https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.59017]
Introduction to the United Kingdom
This species was first discovered living outdoors in the United Kingdom in 1994. By 2002 it had become widespread in the London area, and spreading rapidly throughout. Although it is susceptible to some pesticides, it is usually recommended that home growers pick off beetles by hand, or shake them off onto a sheet of paper to remove them, if the plant affected by them is intended for culinary purposes. Otherwise, they do not present a major problem to the host plants, although a large, long- term infestation can be devastating.
Gallery
Rosemary Beetle.jpg|Rosemary beetle, on Rosmarinus officinalis in Molyvos, Greece
Chrysolina americana MHNT Studio.jpg|Image
Chrysolina americana MHNT Mating.jpg|Mating
Chrysolina-americana-2.jpg|Chrysolina americana on Salvia
Chrysolina_americana_larve_02.jpg|Larva on Rosmarinus officinalis
Chrysolina_americana,_larva.jpg|Larva on Lavandula angustifolia
Chrysolina-americana-1.jpg|Rosemary beetle on hand
References
{{Reflist}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061332/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=242217 Fauna Europaea]
- [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=75506 Taxonomy - NCBI]
- Alan MacLeod - [https://web.archive.org/web/20131219005731/http://www.fera.defra.gov.uk/plants/plantHealth/pestsDiseases/documents/chrysolina.pdf Pest Risk Analysis For Chrysolina americana]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120624151725/http://www.rhs.org.uk/Science/Plant-pests/Rosemary-beetle Royal Horticultural Society page]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1704024}}