Ciao (programming language)

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{{Infobox programming language

| name = Ciao

| logo = Logo_for_Ciao_programming_language.png

| paradigm = Logic, functional, modular, object-oriented

| year = {{Start date and age|1984}}

| dialects =

| influenced_by = Prolog

| influenced =

| operating_system = Cross-platform (Unix, Mac OS X, Windows)

| license = GPL, LGPL

| website = {{URL|www.ciao-lang.org}}

}}

Ciao is a general-purpose programming language which supports logic, constraint, functional, higher-order, and object-oriented programming styles. Its main design objectives are high expressive power, extensibility, safety, reliability, and efficient execution.{{Cite web|url=https://ciao-lang.org/|title=The Ciao System|website=ciao-lang.org|access-date=2017-08-12}}

Language characteristics

Ciao provides a full Prolog system (supporting ISO-Prolog),

declarative subsets and extensions of Prolog, functional programming (including lazy evaluation), higher-order (with predicate abstractions), constraint programming, and objects, as well as feature terms

(records), persistence, several control rules (breadth-first search, iterative deepening, ...), concurrency (threads/engines), distributed execution (agents), and parallel execution. Libraries also support WWW programming, sockets, external interfaces (C, Java, TclTk, relational databases, etc.), etc.

Ciao is built on a kernel with an extensible modular design which

allows both restricting and extending the language — it can be seen as a language building language. These restrictions and extensions can be activated separately on each program module so that several extensions can coexist in the same application for different modules.

Developing safe and reliable programs

Programming in the large in Ciao is supported via:

A robust module/object system. This provides module-based separate/incremental compilation (which is automatic without need for makefiles).
An integrated assertion language for declaring (optional) program properties (specifications). These include types, modes, determinacy, non-failure, cost (time, memory), etc.
Automatic inference and static/dynamic checking of such assertions (including unit testing).

Ciao has also support for programming in the small: the compiler is

capable of producing small executables (including only those builtins

used by the program) and the interpreter supports scripting.

The environment includes a classical top-level and an evolved emacs

interface with an embeddable source-level debugger and a number of

execution visualization tools.

The Ciao preprocessor supports static debugging and verification

assertion checking and optimization via source to source program

transformation. These tasks are performed by Ciaopp, distributed

separately).