Cierva W.9
{{Short description|British helicopter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox aircraft
|name = W.9
|image = Cierva W.9.jpg
|caption =
|type = Experimental helicopter
|manufacturer = Cierva Autogiro Company, Ltd.
|designer =
|first_flight =1945
|introduction =
|retired = 1946
|status =
|primary_user = Air Ministry
|more_users =
|produced =
|number_built = |unit cost =
|developed_from =
|variants =
}}
The Cierva W.9 was a British 1940s experimental helicopter with a three-blade tilting-hub controlled main rotor, and torque compensation achieved using a jet of air discharged from the rear port side of the fuselage. The design was not further developed into production, and the prototype crashed in 1946.
Development
In 1943, primary investor G & J Weir Ltd. revived the moribund Cierva Autogiro Company to develop an experimental helicopter to Air Ministry Specification E.16/43. The W.9 was to investigate James G. Weir's contention that a powered tilting hub-controlled rotor with automatic collective pitch control, and torque reaction control using jet efflux, was both safer and more efficient than the Sikorsky R-4 helicopter fitted with manually controlled main rotor cyclic and collective pitch and the anti-torque tail rotor system. The W.9 was completed late in 1944 and assigned serial PX203. It was damaged during ground-running due to incorrect control phasing arising from a high order of pitch-flap coupling, and did not start test flying until 1945.
The most visible characteristic of the W.9 was torque compensation and directional control by using blown air rather than a tail rotor. A variable pitch fan cooled the engine; the heated air and engine exhaust passed through the long hollow tailboom and exhausted to port.{{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%201241.html |date=27 June 1946 |journal=Flight |title=Southampton Air Display |page=639}} Foot pedals controlled the fan pitch. Of more importance, however, was the shaft-driven hydraulically-actuated rotor hub with rotational speed variation to give automatic collective pitch control.{{citation |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1951/1951%20-%200076.html |title=The Helicopter |journal=Flight |page=50 |date=11 January 1951}} Development of the rotor system resulted in a tilting hub combined with cyclic pitch control of each blade to minimize control forces. Manual control of collective pitch was added to the automatic collective pitch change system to provide precise vertical control in hover and the ability to cushion a landing from an autorotative descent.
The W.9 was first publicly demonstrated during an air display in Southampton on 22 June 1946.{{cite journal|title=New British helicopter|journal=Meccano Magazine|date=August 1946|volume=XXXI|issue=8|pages=324|publisher=Meccano Ltd}} It was displayed at the Seventh SBAC Airshow at Radlett in 1946{{cite web|url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1946/1946%20-%201869.html|title=Seventh SBAC Display|date=19 September 1946|page=306|publisher=Flight Global|access-date=16 April 2016}}
The helicopter was destroyed in an accident in 1946 and the project was abandoned. Parts of the W.9 rotor hub were used in the W.14 Skeeter prototype.
Cierva was bought out by Saunders-Roe, and that design entered production service in the 1950s as the Saunders-Roe Skeeter.
Specifications (W.9)
{{Aircraft specs
|prime units?=kts
|crew=two
|length ft=37
|height ft=10
|gross weight lb=2,647
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=de Havilland Gipsy Queen 31
|eng1 type=6-cyl. air-cooled in-line piston engine
|eng1 hp=205
|rot number=1
|rot dia m=10.97
|rot area sqm=94.5
|perfhide=y
}}
Operators
;{{UK}}
See also
References
{{commons category|Cierva W.9}}
{{Reflist}}
{{cite book |title= The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982-1985)|publisher= Orbis Publishing}}
{{Cierva aircraft}}
Category:1940s British experimental aircraft
Category:1940s British helicopters