Circle-Vision 360°

{{Short description|Theater-in-the-round attraction}}

File:360° Kino im Nationalparkzentrum Hohe Tauern. 04.jpg

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File:Circle Vision 3D Camera.jpg.]]

Circle-Vision 360° is a film format developed by The Walt Disney Company that uses projection screens which encircle the audience.{{cite book |last1=Gennawey |first1=Sam |title=The Disneyland Story: The Unofficial Guide to the Evolution of Walt Disney's Dream |date=2014 |publisher=Keen Communications |isbn=978-1-62809-012-3 |pages=108–109}}

Circle-Vision 360° developed from the Circarama format, which uses eleven 16 mm projectors.{{cite web |last1=Sherlock |first1=Daniel J. |title=Wide Screen Movies Corrections |url=http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/WSMC20.pdf |access-date=August 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080309094629/http://www.film-tech.com/warehouse/tips/WSMC20.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2008 |pages=19–20 |url-status=live}}{{cite book |last1=Strodder |first1=Chris |title=The Disneyland Encyclopedia |date=2017 |publisher=Santa Monica Press |isbn=978-1595800909 |edition=3rd |pages=120–122}} The first Circarama film was A Tour of the West (1955).{{cite web |title=Circle-Vision/Circarama |url=https://d23.com/a-to-z/circle-visioncircarama/ |website=D23 |publisher=The Walt Disney Company|access-date=August 21, 2022}} For the film Italia '61, the number of cameras was reduced to nine, and the 16 mm film was shown using 35 mm projectors. In 1965, Circle-Vision 360° made its official debut, in a nine-camera, 35 mm format. At least one reason for the renaming from Circarama was objections by the owners of Cinerama to the similarity between the two names.{{cite web |title=Circle-Vision 360° |url=https://www.skywaytowonderland.com/circle-vision-360/ |website=Skyway to Wonderland |access-date=August 21, 2022 |date=August 24, 2020}}

In both the Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° formats, the screens are arranged in a circle around the audience, with small gaps between the screens. The number of screens (eleven or nine) being odd results in a gap being opposite of each screen in the circle. The projectors are placed in these gaps, above the heads of the viewers. Railings are sometimes provided to steady the audience members while viewing the film. The cameras and projection systems for both Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° were designed by longtime Disney animator and visual effects pioneer Ub Iwerks.{{Cite book|last=Iwerks, Don|title=Walt Disney's ultimate inventor: the genius of Ub Iwerks|date=December 10, 2019|isbn=978-1-4847-4337-9|edition=First hardcover|location=Los Angeles|oclc=1133108493}} Circle-Vision 360° cameras have been mounted on top of automobiles for travelog scenes. For The Timekeeper (1992), static cameras and CGI effects were used.

At one time, every one of the Disney Resorts then open had at least one Circle-Vision 360° theater. The Epcot theme park has the only two still operating as of 2025.{{efn|A third theater at Epcot shows Impressions de France (1982), which was shot using five cameras, and is projected on screens comprising 200° of a circle.}} Circarama and Circle-Vision 360° films have also been featured at various world's fairs.