Cispadane Republic

{{Short description|1796–1797 French client state in northern Italy}}

{{Infobox country

| native_name = {{native name|it|Repubblica Cispadana}}

| conventional_long_name = Cispadane Republic

| common_name = Cispadane Republic

| era = Napoleonic Wars

| status = Client state

| empire = First French Republic

| status_text = Client state of France

| government_type = Unitary directorial republic

| common_languages = Emilian, Romagnol, Italian

| year_start = 1796

| year_end = 1797

| event_start = Battle of Lodi

| date_start = 10 May

| event1 = Treaty of Tolentino

| date_event1 = 19 February 1797

| event_end = Cisalpine Annexation

| date_end = 29 June

| event_post = Treaty of Campo Formio

| date_post = 17 October 1797

| p1 = Duchy of Modena and Reggio

| flag_p1 = State Flag of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio (1830-1859).svg

| p2 = Duchy of Massa and Carrara

| flag_p2 = Flag_of_Massa_and_Carrara.svg

| p3 = Papal Legations

| flag_p3 = Flag_of_the_Papal_States_(1825-1870).svg

| s1 = Cisalpine Republic

| flag_s1 = Flag_of_the_Repubblica_Cisalpina.svg

| image_flag = Flag of the Cispadane Republic.svg

| image_coat = Emblem of Cispadane Republic.svg

| flag = Flags of Napoleonic Italy

| symbol_type_article = Coat of arms of Napoleonic Italy

| symbol_type = Emblem

| legislature = Legislative Body

| house1 = Council of Thirty

| house2 = Council of Sixty

| image_map = Italy northern 1796.jpg

| image_map_caption = Northern Italy in 1796. Modena and Papal Legations (all lower right) were merged into the Cispadane Republic.

| currency = Bolognese lira and all other old currencies

| capital = Bologna

}}

The Cispadane Republic ({{Langx|it|Repubblica Cispadana}}) was a short-lived client republic located in northern Italy, founded in 1796 with the protection of the French army, led by Napoleon Bonaparte. In the following year, it was merged with the Transpadane Republic (formerly the Duchy of Milan until 1796) to form the Cisalpine Republic. The Cispadane Republic was the first Italian sovereign state to adopt the Italian tricolour as its flag.{{sfn|Villa|2010|p=11}}

History

File:Festa del Tricolore, 07-01-2004.jpg honors the flag of Cispadane Republic, the first Italian flag, during the Tricolour Day on 7 January 2004 in Reggio Emilia.]]

On 16 October 1796, a congress was held in Modena after the ruler, Duke Hercules III, had fled to Venice to escape the French advance.{{sfn|Busico|2005|p=209}} The congress was formed by representatives from the provinces of Modena, Bologna, Ferrara and Reggio Emilia, all located south of the Po; Cispadane indicates "on this side of (the river) Po", with the corresponding Transpadane indicating "across (the river) Po".

The congress was unofficially organized by Napoleon, whose French army had swept through northern Italy earlier in the year, and who needed to settle the situation in Italy and gather new troops for an offensive against Austria.{{sfn|Busico|2005|p=210}}

The congress proclaimed that the four provinces would form the {{lang|it|Repubblica Cispadana}}: a civic guard, composed of mounted hunters and artillery, was formed.{{cite web |title=La Repubblica Cispadana |language=it |url=http://www.raistoria.rai.it/articoli/la-repubblica-cispadana/11653/default.aspx |access-date=2021-03-10 |archive-date=2017-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001213650/http://www.raistoria.rai.it/articoli/la-repubblica-cispadana/11653/default.aspx |url-status=live }} In the 7 January 1797 session, in Reggio Emilia, the congress decided to form a government.

The flag, the first tricolour in Italy, was a horizontal tricolour, with red (top), white and green stripes.{{cite web |title=I simboli della repubblica - il tricolore |url=http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/tricolore/tricolore.htm |access-date=22 March 2015 |language=it |archive-date=31 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331070807/http://www.quirinale.it/qrnw/statico/simboli/tricolore/tricolore.htm |url-status=live }} In the centre was an emblem composed of a quiver, accolade to a war trophy, with four arrows that symbolized the four provinces forming the Republic, all within a crown of bay.{{sfn|Busico|2005|p=210}} The Cispadane Republic was the first Italian sovereign state to adopt the Italian tricolour as its flag.{{sfn|Villa|2010|p=11}}

On 29 June 1797, the Cispadane Republic united with the Transpadane Republic to form the Cisalpine Republic.{{sfn|Maiorino|2002|p=162}}{{sfn|Villa|2010|pp=13-14}}

Citations

References

{{cite book |last=Busico |first=Augusta |title=Il tricolore: il simbolo la storia |year=2005 |publisher=Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'informazione e l'editoria |language=it |id=SBN [https://opac.sbn.it/bid/UBO2771748 IT\ICCU\UBO\2771748]}}
{{cite book |last1=Maiorino |first1=Tarquinio |last2=Marchetti Tricamo |first2=Giuseppe |last3=Zagami |first3=Andrea |title=Il tricolore degli italiani. Storia avventurosa della nostra bandiera |year=2002 |publisher=Arnoldo Mondadori Editore |language=it |isbn=978-88-04-50946-2 |ref={{sfnref|Maiorino|2002}}}}
{{cite book |last=Villa |first=Claudio |title=I simboli della Repubblica: la bandiera tricolore, il canto degli italiani, l'emblema |year=2010 |publisher=Comune di Vanzago |language=it |id=SBN [https://opac.sbn.it/bid/LO11355389 IT\ICCU\LO1\1355389]}}

Cispadane Republic

History

Citations

References

See also