Cissus quadrangularis

Cissus quadrangularis reaches a height of {{convert|1.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} and has quadrangular-sectioned branches with internodes {{convert|8-10|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|1.2-1.5|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide. Along each angle is a leathery edge. Toothed trilobe leaves {{convert|2-5|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} wide appear at the nodes. Each has a tendril emerging from the opposite side of the node. Racemes of small white, yellowish, or greenish flowers; globular berries are red when ripe.

Cissus quadrangularis is an evergreen climber growing to {{convert|5|m|ft|abbr=on}} by {{convert|.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} at a fast rate. It is hardy to zone (UK) 10. Suitable for: light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils and can grow in very acid and very alkaline soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought.{{Cite web|url=https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cissus+quadrangularis|title = Cissus quadrangularis Veldt Grape PFAF Plant Database}}

Cissus quadrangularis W2 IMG 3196.jpg|Cissus Quadrangularis in Rangareddy district of Telangana, India.

Cissus Quadrangualaris 12.JPG|Cissus Quadrangularis in Thrissur, Kerala, India

Cissus quadrangularis has been used as a medicinal plant since antiquity.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} Cissus has been used in various Ayurvedic classical medicines to heal broken bones and injured ligaments and tendons.{{cite journal |last1=Vibha |first1=Singh |title=Medicinal plants and bone healing |journal=National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery |date=Jan–Jun 2017 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=4–11 |doi=10.4103/0975-5950.208972 |pmid=28761270 |pmc=5512407 |doi-access=free }} In siddha medicine, it is considered a tonic and analgesic, and is believed to help heal broken bones, thus its name asthisamharaka (that which prevents the destruction of bones). The Assamese people and the Garo tribe of Meghalaya and Bangladesh have used C. quadrangularis for bone fracture.{{cite journal |last1=Upadhyay |first1=Bhuvaneshwar |last2=Singh |first2=Kamini P. |last3=Kumar |first3=Ashwani |title=Ethno-veterinary uses and informants consensus factor of medicinal plants of Sariska region, Rajasthan, India |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |date=Jan 2011 |volume=133 |issue=1 |pages=14–25 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.054 |pmid=20817085 }}

C. quadrangularis has been studied for its effects in a rat model for osteoporosis.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/03009730902891784| pmid = 19736603| title = Evidence-based assessment of antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. On ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis| journal = Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences| volume = 114| issue = 3| pages = 140–8| year = 2009| last1 = Potu | first1 = B. K. | last2 = Rao | first2 = M. S. | last3 = Nampurath | first3 = G. K. | last4 = Chamallamudi | first4 = M. R. | last5 = Prasad | first5 = K. | last6 = Nayak | first6 = S. R. | last7 = Dharmavarapu | first7 = P. K. | last8 = Kedage | first8 = V. | last9 = Bhat | first9 = K. M. R.

| pmc = 2852762}} C. quadrangularis has been studied in animal models of bone fracture.{{cite journal | journal = Indian Journal of Pharmacology | date = 1994 | volume = 26 | pages = 44–45 | title = Effect of Cissus Quadrangularis in Accelerating Healing Process of Experimentally Fracture Radius-Ulna of Dog: A Preliminary Study | url = https://www.wellcorps.com/files/EffectOfCissusQuadrangularisInAcceleratingHealingOfFracture.pdf | access-date = 2014-06-03 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131127035913/http://www.wellcorps.com/files/EffectOfCissusQuadrangularisInAcceleratingHealingOfFracture.pdf | archive-date = 2013-11-27 | url-status = dead }}

Its bactericidal effects on Helicobacter pylori indicate a potential use for treating gastric ulcers in conjunction with NSAID therapy.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.076| pmid = 16338111| title = Protective effect of Cissus quadrangularis on neutrophil mediated tissue injury induced by aspirin in rats| journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology| volume = 104| issue = 3| pages = 302–5| year = 2006| last1 = Jainu | first1 = M. | last2 = Mohan | first2 = K. V. | last3 = Devi | first3 = C. S. S. }}

The enzymatic and an in vitro cell culture study shows the potential anti-inflammatory and inhibitory properties of Cissus quadrangularis.{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.044| pmid = 22484053 | title = Evaluation of Cissus quadrangularis extracts as an inhibitor of COX, 5-LOX, and proinflammatory mediators| journal = Journal of Ethnopharmacology| volume = 141| issue = 3| pages = 986–96| year = 2012| last1 = Bhujade | first1 = Arti }}

Furthermore, the plant may be used in many biomedical applications. The synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles has indicated the presence of phytochemicals such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoid. The synthesis uses plant extract.{{cite journal | journal = Journal of Nanomaterials | date = 2021 | pages = 11 | title = Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Cissus quadrangularis-Assisted Copper Oxide | url = https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5742981 | access-date = 2024-11-01}}

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{{WestAfricanPlants|Cissus quadrangularis}}

• Austin, A. Jegadeesan, M. Gowrishankar, R. (2004) "Helicobactericidal Activity of Cissus quadrangularis L. Variant I"; Natural Product Sciences 10 (5): 217–219. Korean Society of Pharmacognosy.
• {{cite journal | last1 = Chopra | first1 = SS | last2 = Patel | first2 = MR | last3 = Awadhiya | first3 = RP. |name-list-style=vanc | year = 1976 | title = Studies of Cissus quadrangularis in experimental fracture repair: a histopathological study | journal = Indian Journal of Medical Research | volume = 64 | issue = 9| pages = 1365–1368 | pmid = 1010630 }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Jainu | first1 = Mallika | last2 = Devi | first2 = Shyamala | year = 2003 | title = Tent antiulcerogenic activity of methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis by antioxidative mechanism | journal = Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition | volume = 34 | issue = 2| pages = 43–47 | doi = 10.3164/jcbn.34.43 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Kashikar | first1 = ND | last2 = Indu | first2 = George | year = 2006 | title = Antibacterial activity of Cissus quadrangularis Linn | journal = Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | volume = 68 | issue = 2| pages = 245–247 |doi=10.4103/0250-474X.25727 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | last1 = Oben | first1 = Julius | last2 = Damaris Mandob | first2 = Enyegue | last3 = Fomekong | first3 = Gilles I | last4 = Soukontoua | first4 = Yves B | last5 = Agbor | first5 = Gabriel A | year = 2007 | title = The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress | journal = Lipids in Health and Disease | volume = 6 | page = 4 |pmid=17274828 | doi=10.1186/1476-511X-6-4 | pmc=1800848 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | year = 2006 | title = The use of a Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of weight loss and metabolic syndrome | journal = Lipids in Health and Disease | volume = 5 | page = 24 |pmid=16948861 | doi=10.1186/1476-511X-5-24 | pmc=1570348 | last1 = Oben | first1 = Julius | last2 = Kuate | first2 = Dieudonne | last3 = Agbor | first3 = Gabriel | last4 = Momo | first4 = Claudia | last5 = Talla | first5 = Xavio | doi-access = free }}
• Analysis of the effect of Asthishrinkhla Kandaswarasa [stem juice of Cissus quadrangularis] in fracture healing in a rat model 'Dr. Deepanshu K. Mishra, Prof. Sanjeev Sharma, R.G.G.P.G. Ayu. College - Paprola' Prof. V.K. Gupta, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Vet. and Animal sciences - Palampur - Dec. 2010.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2157164}}

Category:Plants described in 1767

Category:Flora of Africa

Category:Flora of the Arabian Peninsula

Category:Flora of tropical Asia

quadrangularis

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus