Citharexylum berlandieri

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}

{{speciesbox

| image = CitharexylumBerlandieriFlowers.JPG

| status = G4

| status_system = TNC

| status_ref = {{cite web |url=http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?sourceTemplate=tabular_report.wmt&loadTemplate=species_RptComprehensive.wmt&selectedReport=RptComprehensive.wmt&summaryView=tabular_report.wmt&elKey=160984&paging=home&save=true&startIndex=1&nextStartIndex=1&reset=false&offPageSelectedElKey=160984&offPageSelectedElType=species&offPageYesNo=true&post_processes=&radiobutton=radiobutton&selectedIndexes=160984 |title=Citharexylum berlandieri - B.L. Robins. Negrito Fiddlewood |work=NatureServe Explorer |publisher=NatureServe |access-date=2009-12-15 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

| genus = Citharexylum

| species = berlandieri

| authority = B.L.Rob.{{GRIN | access-date=2009-12-15}}

| range_map = Citharexylum berlandieri range map 3.png

| range_map_caption = Natural range of Citharexylum berlandieri

}}

Citharexylum berlandieri is a species of flowering plant in the verbena family, Verbenaceae, that is native to the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States{{cite web |url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/citharexylumberland.htm |title=Negrito, Fiddlewood, Tamaulipan Fiddlewood, Berlandier Fiddlewood, Orcajuela, Zitherwood, Encorba Gallina, Revienta-Cabra, Sauco Hediondo Citharexylum berlandieri |work=Benny Simpson's Texas Native Shrubs |publisher=Texas A&M University |access-date=2009-12-15}} and Mexico as far south as Oaxaca. Common names include Tamaulipan fiddlewood, Berlandier fiddlewood, negrito fiddlewood, negrito, and {{langr|es|orcajuela}}.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjc5ZYWtkNAC |title=Elsevier's Dictionary of Trees: With Names in Latin, English, French, Spanish and Other Languages |first=Miroslav M. |last=Grandtner |volume=1 |publisher=Elsevier |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-444-51784-5 |page=211}} It is a shrub or small tree, reaching a height of {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8cEq7weUPYYC |title=Trees, Shrubs, and Cacti of South Texas |first=J. H. |last=Everitt |author2=Dale Lynn Drawe |author3=Robert I. Lonard |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-89672-473-0 |page=218}} The type specimen of this species was collected from the hills near Las Canoas, San Luis Potosí by Cyrus Pringle in 1890.{{cite web |url=http://plants.jstor.org/specimen/s-g-1417?history=true |title=Type of Citharexylum berlandieri B.L.Rob. [family VERBENACEAE] |work=JSTOR Plant Science |publisher=JSTOR |date=2009-12-14 |access-date=2012-12-06}} It was described as a new species the following year by Benjamin Lincoln Robinson,{{cite web|title=Hortipedia|url=http://en.hortipedia.com/wiki/Citharexylum_berlandieri|access-date=30 November 2012}} who chose the specific epithet to honour French naturalist Jean-Louis Berlandier.{{cite book |first=Russell M. |last=Lawson |title=Frontier Naturalist: Jean Louis Berlandier and the Exploration of Northern Mexico and Texas |year=2012 |publisher=University of New Mexico Press |isbn=9780826352170 |page=203}}